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Paraeducator Role in the Inclusive Classroom free essay sample

Along these lines, para might be viewed as a basic segment of free suitable instruction (FAPE) which each understudy with inabilities is qualified for get (Etscheidt, 2005). Over the previous decade, the utilization of paraeducators has expanded as the quantity of understudies with serious incapacities who have been remembered for general instruction classes has risen. Numerous instructors see the paraeducator as fundamental help required for the understudy to encounter effective incorporation (Giangreco, 2003; Giangreco Doyle, 2002). Paraeducators are alluded to from numerous points of view: one-on-one, paraprofessional, extra grown-up right hand (AAA), teacher’s associate, paraeducator, helper, singular colleague. Despite title, these people have become a significant piece of our schools (Giangreco, Edelman Broar, 2001), helping the study hall instructors and giving increasingly singular help to understudies. With the end goal of this paper, the term para will be utilized. Understudies with handicaps who are remembered for general training classes keep on accepting custom curriculum guidance from a specialized curriculum educator. We will compose a custom article test on Paraeducator Role in the Inclusive Classroom or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Notwithstanding, presently the custom curriculum educator no longer invests energy with the understudy each day of consistently. It is presently the general training instructor who goes through a large portion of the day with the understudy, alongside 20-30 different understudies in the class. The general instruction instructor regularly has close to nothing if any specialized curriculum preparing and in this manner, paraeducators frequently go through the greater part of their day with the understudy, and along these lines, is frequently seen as the individual answerable for the student’s achievement and disappointments. There have been numerous irregularities with regards to the idea of the job, obligations and duties of paraeducators (Etscheidt, 2005) in the comprehensive class. This paper will address the disarray encompassing what the paraeducator’s job ought to be in a comprehensive study hall, as tended to by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and as saw by experts and guardians who bolster understudies with incapacities. People with Disabilities Education Act and the Paraeducator In 1982, in Hendrick Hudson District Board of Education v. Rowley, the Supreme Court characterized suitable training as furnishing understudies with handicaps with â€Å"access to particular guidance and related administrations which are exclusively intended to give instructive benefit† (p. 3048). As the years advanced, the definition was extended and depicts instructive advantage as being scholastic as well as including non-scholarly advantage, for example, socialization and confidence issues (Etscheidt, 2005). Both IDEA 1997 and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) 2004 talk about the job of the paraeducator in a general, vague way. Under staff norms, IDEA 1997 states: â€Å"Allow paraprofessionals and colleagues who are properly prepared and administered, as per State law, guidelines, or composed approach, in meeting the prerequisites of this part to be utilized to aid the arrangement of a specialized curriculum and related administrations to youngsters with incapacities under this part†. 20 U. S. C. 1412(a)(15)(B)(iii) (Giangreco Doyle, 2002) It at that point proceeds and indicates: â€Å"persons who work legitimately under the management of authorized experts and who frequently convey instructional and direct administrations to understudies and their parents† (GESSLER WERTS, ET AL. , 2004, p. 232). The jobs of the para depicted in the law fluctuate to some degree and just express that they should help with offering a wide range of assistance, and that they ought to be prepared and regulated by qualified experts (Giangreco, 2003) IDEIA 004 doesn't characterize the paraeducator’s job unmistakably either. It portrays the job as â€Å"assisting in the arrangement of a custom curriculum and related services†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. [[Page 118-119 STAT. 2686]] despite the fact that IDIEA 2004 proceeds and expresses that in addition to other things, the instruction framework ought to likewise incorporate : (8) An exhaustive arrangement of staff improvement, including the preparation of paraprofessionals and the preparation of essential referral sources as for the fundamental parts of early intercession administrations accessible in the State that†(A) will incorporate I) actualizing imaginative methodologies and exercises for the enrollment and maintenance of early training specialist organizations; (ii) advancing the planning of early mediation suppliers who are completely and suitably qualified† (IDEIA ’04) These definitions bring up various issues, for example, who do they help understudies or the faculty? It appears that there are no limits in the law clarifying what paraeducators can do. Numerous understudies with serious incapacities additionally have human services needs. Does this likewise fall inside the area of the paraeducator’s obligation? We can frequently discover (compose officially third individual †not first) paraeducators satisfying different jobs which may include: administrative undertakings †replicating, removing, preparing materials; instructional errands †coaching, assisting with assignments, following-up guidance; individual consideration undertakings; showing social aptitudes; encourage peer connections; overseeing student’s conduct, and so forth. (GIANGRECO, YUAN, MCKENZIE, CAMERON FIALKA, 2005 ). What is the Role of the Paraeducator? include a greater amount of your self, what do I know, and afterward bolster it with references) Paraeducators, educators, and regulatory staff concur that the instructors convey the obligation regarding guidance and scholarly arranging General training instructors, guardians, regulatory faculty and even paraeducators have various perspectives with respect to what the paraeducator’s job ought to remember for the comprehensive study hall. Paraeducators’ Views Paraeducators are regularly the principle support for understudies with inabilities in a comprehensive study hall, working under the oversight of the study hall educator, and some of the time additionally helping other people in the study hall (GESSLER WERTS, ET AL. , 2004). In an examination led by Marks, et al. 999, four fundamental reasons were given by paraeducators with regards to why they feel that they are required in the general training study halls: (1) To ensure the understudy isn't a weight on the instructor †some paraeducator felt that their presentation is decided based on the amount they can support the educators, how fruitful they are in keeping the understudy out of the teacher’s way, in this way ensuring he/she isn't a weight on the instructor, and ensuring that the student’s conduct is leveled out so they don't cause an aggravation in the class. 2) To meet the student’s scholarly needs †the job of numerous paraeducators appears to appear as a guide, of assuming liability for changes. Many have said that it is simpler to set up the materials themselves instead of keep after the instructors to set them up. (3) To fill in as a channel for correspondence between the staff of the school, the understudy, extra backings and their family †Many paraeducators revealed that since they were the one individual who was with the understudy throughout the day, educators and guardians would frequently pass messages to one another through the paraeducator. This is regardless of the way that paraeducators are not answerable for refreshing the guardians or different experts about the understudy (GESSLER WERTS, ET AL. , 2004). Right around 1 out of each 4 paraeducators detailed that they were responsible for transmitting data to guardians (French, 2001), and a large number of the paraeducators find that they are the chief contact between understudies with handicaps and their companions and educators in comprehensive settings, just as being the principle grown-up with which the understudies with incapacities interact with (Young Simpson, 1997 ). 4) To speak to effective incorporation †paraeducators frequently wind up with the feeling that they need to advocate consideration and to guard their understudies and their arrangement when all is said in done instruction. Numerous paraeducators revealed that they expect the job of being answerable for the scholastic and social needs of understudies with handicaps in general training setting e ssentially so as to ensure that both the educators and understudies have a positive encounter (Etscheidt, 2005). While all paraeducators are in understanding that their help is basic for giving access to the educational plan to numerous understudies while helping the educator (Giangreco, 2003), a large number of them announced that they are frequently befuddled about what the general training instructors anticipate from them (Wadsworth Knight, 1996). This inclination is particularly pervasive in center and secondary school, where understudies have various educators for various subjects. The writing shows that paraeducators frequently accept an assortment of jobs: scholastic and social aptitudes guidance; alterations; dealing with the student’s conduct; creating working associations with others (Marks, et al. 1999) (Young Simpson, 1997 ) (Giangreco Doyle, 2002) (Etscheidt, 2005); giving individual/individual consideration, assuming selective liability for them; lounge, transport and play area (unstructured exercises) oversight (FRENCH, 2001); Paraeducators are likewise liable for students’ wellbeing.

40 Memorable Advertising Slogans (and How to Create One)

40 Memorable Advertising Slogans (and How to Create One) Think back on your favorite products or brands. Now try to think of a sentence or a phrase that you associate with them. The moment you hear this phrase, you think about the product, and vice versa (when you see the product, the phrase pops into your head almost instantly).These phrases or sentences are advertising slogans, and if you remember them, even if they were all the way from your childhood, that means they are successful advertising slogans. © Shutterstock | vgstudioIn this article, we will dig deep into 1) what and how to use advertising slogans, 2) 40 memorable advertising slogans you should know ,and 3) how to create your very own advertising slogan.WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT ADVERTISING SLOGANSWhat are advertising slogans?Advertising slogans are those brief yet memorable phrases that you find in marketing and advertising campaigns, acting as the main attention-drawer to the product, service, company, or brand that is being advertised.They are catchy, they are short â€" often written in five words or less â€" and they sum up what the product or the brand has to offer. They are designed to draw the attention of customers to a brand, and keep that brand in mind in their future shopping or purchasing decisions.What are advertising slogans for?At a glance, it would seem that a slogan is just a tag line or a catchphrase that advertisers come up with. However, they have a more important function. Advertising slogans are part of a bigger marketing strategy. For example, every branding strategy involves the creation and use of an advertising slogan. After all, these slogans are often identified with a brand.You will notice how all product or service providers come up with their own advertising slogans. This is because some slogans are more recognizable and thus offer more effective recall than mere brand names.Advertising slogans are created for the following reasons:Differentiation. An effective slogan sets you apart from the competition. This is extremely important if the business is in a highly competitive industry, with so many players in the market that offer similar products or services. One way to differentiate the business is to come up with a creative slogan that will make the brand instantly recognizable and, more importantly, more memorable than the other brands.Information dissemination. Specifically, information about the business. Sometimes, consumers may not have an idea what a certain brand is for just by hearing the brand name alone. However, the moment they hear the slogan, they will have an idea what it is about. An example is Nokia. Those who are more geographically-oriented will immediately think of the town in Finland. But when they hear its slogan â€" “Connecting people” â€" they will immediately realize that it refers to the communications and information technology company based in Finland.Reinforcement of brand identity. People tend to remember what they are constantly exposed to, and they easily forget what is not there. The advertising slogan accomplishes this by serving as a constant reminder of the presence and existence of the brand.40 MEMORABLE ADVERTISING SLOGANS#1 “The King of Beers” (Budweiser, late 1800s)Since the 16th century, the beer brewed in Budweis â€" the Budweiser â€" specifically from Budejovice, was dubbed as the “beer of Kings”.When Adolphus Busch developed the lager that will soon become the world-famous beer, he used this title in the marketing, using “The King of Beers” as a tagline, denoting its superiority over all other beers.#2 “I’d walk a mile for a Camel” (Camel, 1921)Placing itself as America’s favorite cigarette, Camel first made use of this catchy slogan in 1921. It caught on pretty quick, and was used for several decades. It was definitely a much better and catchier slogan than its predecessor “Leave no unpleasant cigaretty after-taste”.#3 “When you care enough to send the very best” (Hallmark, 1934)Retail chain Hallmark started out as a stationery store, until it became the United States’ largest manufacturer of greeting cards. That is why this slogan was very fitting to the brand’s identity when it was launched.Decades later, even when Hallmark branched out into licensing and manufacture of other gift products, the slogan still holds true to its core vision.#4 “Breakfast of champions.” (Wheaties, 1935)Wheaties, a General Mills breakfast cereal, became known for its packaging, with famous and noted American athletes featured on the cereal box.This association with sports and sports athletes was the starting point for its campaign, claiming that “Champions get many a small boy to eat a good breakfast.” Hence, the “Breakfast of champions” tagline was born.#5 “A diamond is forever” (DeBeers, 1948)DeBeers is a pioneering company when it comes to diamond mining and trading. Its line of jewelry has brought the company prominence, largely thanks to its successful advertising campaign, revolving around the slogan “a diamond is forever”.It focused on women’s belief that diamonds represent love, commitment, and marriage. Since 1948, this slogan has appeared in every engagement advertisement that the company has launched, leading Advertising Age to proclaim it as the “slogan of the century” in 1999.#6 “Finger lickin’ good” (KFC, 1952)Say this line out loud and “Kentucky Fried Chicken”, or KFC, immediately comes to mind. Th is phrase has become the company’s slogan, trademarked by founder Harland Sanders and used by the company in its campaigns.#7 “The milk chocolate that melts in your mouth, not in your hand.” (MMs, 1954)This tagline has been used since the company first introduced its peanut MMs in 1954. It was inspired by the idea that the shell coating the chocolate was hard enough to avoid melting in the hand, but will eventually do so once they enter the mouth for eating.These candies were pitched to the military as part of the rations for the American soldiers when they went off to war, and their hard shell made them ideal for long transports and storage.#8 Have a break Have a Kit Kat. (Kit Kat by Nestle, 1957)Kit Kat developed its chocolate-covered wafer biscuit of the same name in 1957 but launched its advertising efforts in full force in 1951. However, since 1951, until the company was acquired by Nestle in 1988, the worldwide slogan for the product has been “Have a break… Have a Ki t Kat.” #9 “Look, Ma, no cavities!” (Crest by Procter Gamble, 1958)This tagline was used simultaneously with the launch of Crest Toothpaste, and helped the brand become one of the bestselling oral hygiene products in the United States at the time.By using a Norman Rockwall artwork featuring smiling children with healthy and decay-free teeth, it was able to target its main demographic: families, specifically mothers and their children.#10 “Think small” (Volkswagen, 1959)Out of the many ads that Volkswagen has released, one of the most famous, by far, is “Think Small”, which was specifically for the Volkswagen Beetle. It aided in pushing the campaign to be named by Ad Age as the “best advertising campaign of the 20th century”.#11 “We Try Harder” (Avis, 1962)For 50 years, rental car company Avis used the slogan “We try harder”.This was first launched when the company was ranked second (Hertz was first) in the rental car industry. It also denoted a promise abo ut how the company will still work on keeping its service quality high, despite being second. #12 “Fly the friendly skies.” (United Airlines, 1966)Although this iconic catchphrase has been officially retired by the company in 1996, it was such an effective advertising slogan that it was resurrected in 2013.This hardly mattered, however, because during the retirement period, most of the general public was not even aware that it was replaced by other slogans. “Fly the friendly skies” was that memorable.#13 “It’s the real thing!” (Coca Cola, 1969)Coca Cola is another company that has used a long list of advertising slogans since its founding in 1886.The “It’s the Real Thing!” slogan was associated with the most famous Coca Cola television commercial released in 1971, which had young people atop a hill, singing “I’d like to buy the world a Coke”, further cementing its status as one of the most memorable slogans of the brand.#14 “Nothing runs like a Deere” ( John Deere, 1972)When we talk of construction, agricultural and other heavy machinery, the American manufacturer John Deere is a force to reckon with. And so is its company slogan, which is reinforced further by a logo featuring a deer in the act of leaping.When it was developed in 1972, its intention was to promote its line of snowmobiles. Even when that snowmobile line ceased production, the slogan remained in use.#15 “Have it your way.” (Burger King, 1973)Before adapting the currently in use slogan “Be your way”, Burger King had been using another slogan for 40 years. For 4 decades, Burger King has been associated with “Have it your way”.This was initially formulated as a slight attack on McDonald’s being known for its rigidity when it comes to burger orders, and highlighted Burger King’s flexibility, allowing its customers to order their burgers and have Burger King serve it how they want it.#16 “Because I’m worth it” (L’Oreal, 1973)The French cosmetics c ompany’s main target customers are women, so it made sure to appeal to every woman’s natural instinct for self-worth.The slogan hit women right where it matters the most, as it encompassed her “self-confidence, her decision, and her style”. It has become so iconic that it has also become synonymous to the L’Oreal brand.#17 “Probably the best lager in the world” (Carlsberg, 1973)Global brewer Carlsberg has used one of the most well-known advertising slogans in the world since 1973, until a rebranding move replaced it with the current slogan, “This calls for a Carlsberg”.The famous slogan, “Probably the best lager in the world”, was made even more popular during its launch by the fact that it was originally spoken in the ads by the equally famous actor Orson Welles.#18 “The Uncola” (Seven Up, 1973)For the longest time, the creators of this lime-flavored soda drink targeted the younger demographic, to no avail. When it launched the UNCOLA campaign, with the ta gline “The Uncola”, this trend started to change.Young people became interested in a drink that is different, since it did not contain any caffeine, and is marketed to not have the gassy effects that cola drinks are known to bring about.#19 “Impossible is nothing” (Adidas, 1974)This slogan was taken by sports brand Adidas from a quote by boxing legend Muhammad Ali, who was also the featured endorser in a series of short videos developed for the campaign. The slogan was in keeping with Adidas’ vision of supporting top athletes in their respective sports events.It was once again used in the brand’s global campaign in 2004, featuring athletes who are legends in their own rights, joining Ali. They include footballer David Beckham, long-distance runner Haile Gebrselassie and NBA’s Tracy McGrady. #20 “The Ultimate Driving Machine” (BMW, 1975)BMW cemented its brand image of being bold and having lots of attitude and power with the use of this slogan. Undoubtedly, this rem ains to be one of the best advertising taglines in the automobile industry.#21 “The Citi never sleeps” (Citibank, 1976)This slogan was the company’s way of staying true to how Citibank was the first bank to install and promote in earnest its 24-hour electronic or automated teller machines (ATMs) in New York City.The complete line was “The Citi Never Sleeps, But Your Neighborhood May Be Put To Rest”#22 “I Love New York” (New York City, 1977)Go to any city in the world, and you will probably find a merchandise with the “I Love New York”, or “I ? NY” slogan emblazoned on it.This is a great example of an effective use of a slogan in an ad campaign. The city of New York used it in order to promote tourism in the City and, subsequently, of the entire state of New York.#23 “When if absolutely, positively has to be there overnight” (Federal Express, 1982)There were a lot of courier services at the time, but FedEx was able to differentiate its name and service from the competition when it used this slogan. It was also part of the reason why FedEx is now one of the world’s largest express transportation.#24 “The world’s favourite airline” (British Airways, 1983)Today, the official company slogan is “To Fly. To Serve.” Before that, however, British Airways successfully marketed itself as “The World’s Favourite Airline”.Although this self-proclamation earned a lot of criticism from other airlines and the industry in general, giving British Airways the impression of being conceited, it remains to be a slogan that is very memorable among the public.#25 “Where’s the beef?” (Wendy’s, 1984)One of the most famous American catchphrases, which was used to question the substance of a product or even an idea, was actually derived from an advertising slogan for fast food chain Wendy’s.#26 “Quality never goes out of style.” (Levi’s, 1985)The iconic jeans produced by Levi Strauss Co. have this slogan on their labels, but it has also been used in several television and print ads, making it one of the most memorable and enduring advertising slogans of all time.The company has been known for its highly durable and lasting jeans, which is clearly embodied in the slogan.#27 “It’s everywhere you want to be.” (Visa,1985)Visa presently uses the tagline “Everywhere you want to be”, which is a shortened version of the original, “It’s everywhere you want to be” slogan. The company is basically saying that, as long as you have a Visa card, you can get your hands on anything, go anywhere, and enjoy any experience, wherever you are in the world.#28 “Just do it.” (Nike, 1987)According to Dan Wieden, the advertising executive behind the Just do it tagline, the slogan was based on the last words of convicted killer Gary Gilmore, before he was executed through a firing squad. Apparently, before he was shot, he said Lets do it.Wieden tweaked it to Just do it, and it gave consumers the feeling that the y, too, can do anything and succeed just by wearing Nike products. This slogan was named by Campaign Magazine as the best tagline of the 20th century. #29 “The best a man can get” (Gillette, 1989)Nothing says masculine more than a man shaving, and that is what the Gillette brand wants to demonstrate with its products. That is what inspired the ad executives behind Gillette’s campaign to choose this slogan.In fact, it was so successful, it was even translated into 14 languages and used across the globe.#30 “Maybe she’s born with it. Maybe it’s Maybelline.” (Maybelline, 1991)Since launching this slogan in 1991, the make-up company, which is under parent company L’Oreal, has been using it even now, proof of how effective it is, putting the focus on the female beauty, and how makeup can do wonders for one’s self-confidence, even if they weren’t born looking like models.#31 “Got Milk?” (California Milk Processor Board, 1993)Ad agency Goodby Silverstein Partners i s responsible for coining this slogan for the California Milk Processor Board, a non-profit operating under the California Department of Food and Agriculture.This national campaign was primarily to encourage the consumption of cow’s milk. What made it even more popular was its television commercial, which was directed by Hollywood A-lister Michael Bay.#32 “Where do you want to go today?” (Microsoft, 1994)Microsoft has been launching global image ad campaigns, and the second one was, by far, one of the most recognizable.“Where do you want to go today?” was launched to highlight how the personal computers of the company can be used to cross borders and barriers, even technological gaps.#33 “Hello Boys” (Wonderbra, 1994)As if the product being advertized isn’t already sensational enough, the entire campaign, with the commercials, posters and the slogan tacked to it, made it even more memorable.It came as no surprise, then, that the advertisement â€" which featured a the n very young Eva Herzigova wearing the famed Wonder Bra â€" was voted by Outdoor Media Centre as their favorite iconic advertising image.#34 “Good things come to those who wait” (Guinness, 1996)Guinness may be a brand in the United Kingdom but, thanks to this slogan, it has gained worldwide recognition, aside from putting it ahead of the pack in the United Kingdom.It was originally aimed at correcting negative opinion of consumers on how long it would take to pour a pint of Guinness directly from the tap.#35 “Think Different” (Apple, 1997)This slogan was used by Apple for a short time, from 1997 to 2002. It was meant to advertise the brand as a whole, rather than any of its specific products.What made it even more memorable is the company’s use of famous names and familiar faces such as Jim Henson, Maria Callas, Cesar Chavez, and Miles Davis, to name a few. #36 “There are some things money can’t buy. For everything else, there’s MasterCard.” (MasterCard, 1997)Visa was ahead in coming up with “It’s everywhere you want to be”. MasterCard was not too far behind, with this longer tagline, which was part of the company’s award-winning Priceless brand awareness campaign.Needless to say, this slogan made the name MasterCard a catchphrase in itself.#37 “The Power of Dreams” (Honda, 2001)The global slogan of automobile giant Honda put more emphasis on dreams instead of reality. It struck that chord within each individual who dreams of owning a car. It was also specifically released in time with the launch of the Honda FCX Concept, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.This addresses another dream of many, which is of an automobile that does not contribute to pollution.#38 “I’m Lovin’ It” (McDonald’s, 2003)Having run for 13 years, the “I’m lovin’ it” tagline has become the longest-running tagline used by the fast food chain giant. The melody of the jingle was written by rapper Pusha T, and sung by Justin Timberlake.It came in handy , since the brand was then battling accusations for serving unhealthy food. It was also that time when obesity was a huge issue.#39 “Imagination at Work” (General Electric, 2003)General Electric, both as a company and as a brand, is an institution, and it owes much of that status to its strong marketing campaigns. The slogan “Imagination at Work” sends the message that imagination is what primarily inspires them in working on the development and manufacture of their products.#40 “Real Beauty” (Dove, 2004)The “Real Beauty” campaign by Dove also made use of the same tagline. This was the brand’s effort to promote body awareness and acceptance among women â€" curves, rough edges and all. Recently, women have been experiencing a lot of body issues, and Dove aimed to correct that with this campaign and slogan.HOW TO CREATE YOUR ADVERTISING SLOGANConsidering the success of the slogans discussed, it is clear that businesses and advertising agencies all over are looking to come up with the next successful advertising slogan, one that will be used for decades and establish the brand and the company firmly in their respective industries.But how does one create an advertising slogan that works?Here are some notes or tips you can follow.Tip 1: Decide whether you need a slogan or not.There are several reasons why ad campaigns are launched, or why slogans are created. Some do it to launch a new product or service. Others look at it as a way to rebrand, or breathe new life to an already fading brand.It may also be a form of damage control, in cases where the brand is currently facing issues or problems.Tip 2:  You have to start by looking internally, and evaluating what you already have.If the company already has a logo, that means branding has already started. It is also possible that the company or brand already has a slogan in use. What is wrong with the slogan?Will there be a need to completely replace it, or can it be reworked, just like how Citibank s hortened its slogan? Usually, creating a slogan starts from the logo, basing the words and message from its design elements.Tip 3:  Think about what image you want to accomplish with the slogan.You have to look into the core of the business, and what its offerings are. Gillette, for example, placed great value on masculinity. That was its inspiration for its “The best a man can get” slogan.Tip 4:  Keep the slogan straightforward and simple.There is no hard and fast rule on how long it should be. It could be as short as a single word or two (ex. “Think Small”) or it could even be a long sentence, or even two (“There are some things money can’t buy. For everything else, there’s MasterCard.”). Some say that, the shorter a slogan is, the better it will be. This orientation works on the assumption that people tend to lose interest when they are made to read something lengthy or meandering.The risk with short slogans is that, sometimes, the slogan may not contain all the n ecessary words to get the message across. If you have to use long slogans, however, make sure that they contain the important messages, not just fillers.When choosing your words, pick those that are simple and easy to understand. You do not want people to have a hard time figuring out what the words in your slogan means, instead of getting the full picture instantly on the message that you are conveying.Tip 5:  Add some humor, if possible.Usually, if something is funny, it will register better and faster with an audience. A funny slogan tends to have more hook than one with a serious or formal tone. However, do not force it, especially if the product or brand is not really meant to be injected with humor.Tip 6:  Make sure your slogan is honest.Carlsberg faced some criticism with its slogan “Probably the best lager in the world” because it sounded conceited and almost dishonest. Do not overplay your hand and you may end up lying about what your brand is, or what your company offe rs.Tip 7:  Put some emotion into the slogan.The catchphrase, in order to be noticed by consumers, must have something that resonates with their emotions. It should make them feel, if not think, something.The word “beauty” alone will not mean anything, but add the word “real” to it and use “Real beauty” while promoting the Dove brand, and you have an effective slogan. “Because you’re worth it” also worked because it appealed to every woman’s desire to feel worthy.Tip 8:  Focus on the message.Never lose sight of the message that you want to deliver. If you want to play up a specific strength of your brand, the slogan should refer to it. If you want your brand to stand out or be different, make sure the words reflect that.Tip 9:  Make sure your slogan is timeless.Do not put limitations on the slogan, such that it will be applicable only in the present and not in the future. The words used should not be relevant in the present only, but throughout the years to come. Create a slogan that you envision to still be used by the company or brand long into the future. This is also one way to be forward-looking.Good advertising slogans are not easy to make. They will sometimes take a lot of brainstorming before getting the right words that evoke the right feelings. However, it is something that can be done and once you get the right one, you will be happy you took the time to look for it. In many cases, a good advertising slogan can mean the difference between an ‘ok’ company and a ‘really great’ company.

What Is Paired Data in Statistics

Paired data in statistics, often referred to as ordered pairs, refers to two variables in the individuals of a population that are linked together in order to determine the correlation between them. In order for a data set to be considered paired data, both of these data values must be attached or linked to one another and not considered separately. The idea of paired data is contrasted with the usual association of one number to each data point as in other quantitative data sets in that each individual data point is associated with two numbers, providing a graph that allows statisticians to observe the relationship between these variables in a population. This method of paired data is used when a study hopes to compare two variables in individuals of the population to draw some sort of conclusion about the observed correlation. When observing these data points, the order of the pairing is important because the first number is a measure of one thing while the second is a measure of something entirely different. Example of Paired Data To see an example of paired data, suppose a teacher counts the number of homework assignments each student turned in for a particular unit and then pairs this number with each student’s percentage on the unit test. The pairs are as follows: An individual who completed 10 assignments earned 95% on his or her test. (10, 95%)An individual who completed 5 assignments earned 80% on his or her test. (5, 80%)An individual who completed 9 assignments earned 85% on his or her test. (9, 85%)An individual who completed 2 assignments earned 50% on his or her test. (2, 50%)An individual who completed 5 assignments earned 60% on his or her test. (5, 60%)An individual who completed 3 assignments earned 70% on his or her test. (3, 70%) In each of these sets of paired data, we can see that the number of assignments always comes first in the ordered pair while the percentage earned on the test comes second, as seen in the first instance of (10, 95%). While a statistical analysis of this data could also be used to calculate the average number of homework assignments completed or the  average test score, there may be other questions to ask about the data. In this instance, the teacher wants to know if there is any connection between the number of homework assignments turned in and performance on the test, and the teacher would need to keep the data paired in order to answer this question. Analyzing Paired Data The statistical techniques of correlation and regression are used to analyzed paired data wherein the correlation coefficient quantifies how closely the data lie along a straight line and measures the strength of the linear relationship. Regression, on the other hand, is used for several applications including determining which line fits best for our set of data. This line can then, in turn, be used to estimate or predict y values for values of x that were not part of our original data set. There is a special type of graph that is especially well suited for paired data called a scatterplot. In this type of graph, one coordinate axis represents one quantity of the paired data while the other coordinate axis represents the other quantity of the paired data. A scatterplot for the above data would have the x-axis denote the number of assignments turned in while the y-axis would denote the scores on the unit test.

Impact of Reality Television on Society - 2286 Words

The Impact Reality Television Has On Our Youth Misty Stouffer ENG 122 Marnie Nollette April 18, 2011 The Impact Reality Television Has On Our Youth Television serves nearly 30 hours of entertainment to children 8 to 18, weekly. Reality television is a phenomenon that is sweeping the globe. These programs are widely viewed by kids, tweens, and teens. Many of these kids idolize reality stars and mimic their every move and their vocabulary. This alleged reality is negatively affecting the well-being of children world-wide. Kids tend to imitate what they observe on television and these programs typically support the worst attributes of behavior. (Ludwig 2003). We must remember these words spoken by Dr. Ted Baehr, â€Å"Whoever controls†¦show more content†¦Thus, proving kids emulate what they see. With increased sexual activity while transmitting various diseases, it is not hard to know what the physical health affects are, and then couple that with distress to their mental health. â€Å"My Super Sweet 16† shows affluent parents spending hundreds of thousands, e ven millions of dollars celebrating their child’s 16th birthday. Large guest lists, lavish gifts, gourmet dinners are just the beginning to this show. Portraying these â€Å"parties† as normal is creating a self-centered ideal among teenagers, regardless of the financial health of the family. â€Å"If you loved me, you would† has become a staple statement teenagers are giving their parents. When parents do not nor can not produce such lavish parties and gifts, these kids feel unfulfilled and undeserving. Those feelings ultimately change and the teenager begins to feel like a failure. In Pediatrics it was stated that â€Å"children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the messages conveyed through television, which influence their perceptions and behaviors.† (Pediatrics, 2001). Parents need to stop allowing their kids to watch these programs. Other reality shows promote that happiness can be found in sex, money and being skinny. These fal se promotions will continue to relay poor self-image issues to young girls, not to mention the deplorable ideals placed into boys. 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Rational Performance Testing Free Essays

Hello World: Rational Performance Tester Get to the bottom of application performance issues Skill Level: Intermediate Dennis Schultz (dennis. schultz@us. ibm. We will write a custom essay sample on Rational Performance Testing or any similar topic only for you Order Now com) Marketing Engineer IBM 12 Mar 2007 This tutorial in the Hello World series introduces you to IBM ® Rational ® Performance Tester and highlights its basic features. Practical, hands-on exercises teach you how to record automated performance tests, use data-driven techniques to ensure randomization, play-back tests, and evaluate real-time performance reports. Upon completing the tutorial you will be able to use Rational Performance Tester to determine the cause of performance problems in your applications. Section 1. Before you start About this series The Hello World series is for novice developers who want a high-level, hands-on overview of IBM software products. Each tutorial in the series provides simple exercises and step-by-step instructions to familiarize you with the components and use of a particular product. Upon completing a tutorial in the Hello World series you will know enough about the product to begin exploring and using it on your own. About this tutorial This tutorial uses hands-on exercises to familiarize you with Rational Performance Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 1 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks Tester. Step-by-step instructions teach you how to record an automated performance test, enhance the test using built-in data-driven techniques, play-back the test as part of a performance schedule, and evaluate real-time reports to determine the root cause of a performance problem. The maximum estimated running time for the tutorial is three hours. Objectives After completing this tutorial you should understand the basic functions of Rational Performance Tester and be able to use it to discover and analyze performance problems in your applications. Prerequisites This tutorial is for testers new to test automation and unfamiliar with Rational Performance Tester. As you are taking the tutorial, you can practice the steps yourself if you have access to the environment the tutorial requires. If you don’t have access to the environment, you can still read the tutorial and view the animated demos. You just won’t be able to try the steps for yourself. The easiest way to access the tutorial environment is through the Rational Performance Tester online trial system created for the tutorial. The trial system uses the Citrix Access Platform to provide you with a connection from your workstation to a remote server running Rational Performance Tester, WebSphere Application Server 6. 0, and the sample application to be tested. If you choose to set up the tutorial environment on your own machine, please use the Hello World: Rational Performance Tester (for downloadable trial code) version of this tutorial that is written for this purpose. In order to view the animated demos for the tutorial you must enable JavaScript in your browser and install Macromedia Flash Player 6 or higher. Animated demos If this is your first encounter with a developerWorks tutorial that includes animated demos you might want to know a few things about them: †¢ Demos are an optional way to see the steps described in the tutorial done for you. To view an animated demo, click the given Show me link and the demo will open in a new browser window. †¢ Each demo contains a navigation bar at the bottom of the screen. Use the navigation bar to pause, exit, rewind, or fast-forward portions of the demo. Rational Performance Tester Page 2 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks developerWorks ® †¢ The demos are 800 x 600 pixels. If this is the maximum resolution of your screen or if your resolution is lower than this then you will have to scroll to see some areas of the demo. †¢ You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser and Macromedia Flash Player 6 or higher installed to view the demos. Section 2. Getting started Overview of Rational Performance Tester IBM Rational Performance Tester, hereafter known as Performance Tester, is a performance test creation, execution, and analysis tool that helps development teams validate the scalability and reliability of their Web-based applications before deployment. Many of Performance Tester’s features have been explicitly designed with the novice load tester in mind. Performance Tester allows you to use one of several Web browsers (Internet Explorer, Mozilla, or Firefox) to test a Web-based application. The results of your interaction are captured and recorded on the operating system of your choice (Windows or Linux). The test is presented in a concise tree-based editor that is capable of exposing underlying details to the expert on an â€Å"as needed† basis. Test scripts are then grouped together in various combinations to reflect the multiple types of user that comprise the projected user population. You can specify the number of simulated system users at execution time. Test execution is accompanied by easy-to-read, real-time reports that update throughout the test run. Bottlenecks based on metrics such as round-trip performance, transaction rates, and system diagnostics are highlighted in these reports. You can also use Performance Tester to further identify the root cause of poor performance problems from the hardware- or software-component level through advanced resource monitoring and response-time tracking. Although this tutorial focuses on testing a J2EE, Web-based application, you can use Performance Tester to test any Web-based application. You can also extend Performance Tester to test the performance of additional application types such as Siebel, SAP, and Citrix (see Resources). Setting up the tutorial environment Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 3 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks As previously mentioned, the easiest way to access this tutorial is through the online trial system developed using the Citrix Access Platform. The trial system gives you free access to Performance Tester, WebSphere Application Server 6. 0, and the Adventure Builder sample application, and minimizes your installation and configuration time for the tutorial. Once you have registered for the online trial system, installed the Citrix Metaframe Presentation Server, and logged into the server, you are ready to begin. Performance Tester will launch in a Citrix client session and will appear just as if it were running on your local desktop. You can interact with it just as you would if it were installed locally. The countdown clock on the Rational Test Drive Environment Web page will keep track of the time remaining in your session. If you choose to set up the tutorial environment locally you will need to install and configure Rational Performance Tester and WebSphere Application Server 6. 0 in your workstation. Note that the Adventure Builder sample application used by this tutorial is only available with WebSphere Application Server 6. , not 6. 1. You should also allow additional time to create and configure a project in which to store your test artifacts before starting. The tutorial is written from the assumption that you are using the online trial system. Performance Tester and Eclipse Performance Tester is based on the open-source Eclipse platform. Eclipse provides a rich working environment for many tools, both open source and commercial, including many of the offerings of the Rational Software Delivery Platform such as Rational Software Architect, Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software, and Rational Functional Tester (see Resources). This provides a common user experience for tooling across the software development life cycle. Not only are these tools all based on Eclipse, but often times they actually share the same shell. In other words, the capability of each of these tools is presented to the user as a new perspective in the same shell. A perspective is a consolidation of tools and views focused on one particular task. The perspective for Performance Tester is known as the Test perspective. As the name implies, the Test perspective provides views that are needed by a developer or QA professional focused on testing a software application or system. The tutorial workspace and sample projects Assuming you are using the online trial system, Performance Tester will be associated to a pre-configured workspace. A workspace can be any directory location where your work is stored. In your case, this workspace contains two projects. The first project is the Adventure Builder Application. This project contains the source code for the Adventure Builder sample application you will be testing. The application has already been deployed to WebSphere Application Server on the online trial system. The project is only in your workspace so that Rational Performance Tester Page 4 of 26 Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks developerWorks ® Performance Tester can navigate to the source code later when you are attempting to find the root cause of a performance bottleneck. The second project, Adventure Builder Performance Tests, is the test project you will use to store your tests, datapools, schedules, and results. If you expand the project, you will see several folders used to organize your test assets. You can add, remove, and customize folders as you like. There isn’t much to examine in this project yet. You will look more closely at it once you have recorded a test. Figure 1. A Performance Tester workspace viewed in the Test Navigator Section 3. Record a test scenario Performance tests are most often created by recording your manual interactions with the system under test. In this section of the tutorial, you will use the automated HTTP recorder to capture the scenario of interacting with the Adventure Builder sample application to construct a vacation package and purchase it. The Adventure Builder application is already running in the online trial environment. All you need to do is connect to it through a Web browser while the recorder is engaged. Browser support Although you are using Internet Explorer in this tutorial, Performance Tester can work with any Web browser that supports SOCKS proxies. Performance Tester can automatically launch Internet Explorer, Mozilla, and Firefox. Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 5 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks Animated demo Would you like to see these steps demonstrated for you? me Show Start the recorder 1. Start the recorder by clicking Create a Test from Recording on the toolbar . This opens the Create New Test From Recording window. Figure 2. The Create New Test From Recording window 2. Select HTTP Recording and click Next. Rational Performance Tester Page 6 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks developerWorks ® 3. 4. On the next page of the wizard, select Adventure Builder Performance Tests Tests as the location to create the file. Enter PurchaseIslandAdventure as the test-file name and click Finish. Figure 3. The Create New Test From Recording window, page 2 5. The recorder is engaged and Internet Explorer is launched to the â€Å"Welcome to Performance Testing† page. Clear the cache of temporary files by selecting Internet Explorer Tools Internet Options †¦. Under Temporary Internet Files, click Delete Cookies and confirm. Then click Delete Files. Check Delete all offline content and click OK to confirm. Click OK to dismiss the Internet Options window. 6. Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 7 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks 7. Launch the Adventure Builder application by clicking the Adventure Builder button in the Internet Explorer Links toolbar. Figure 4. Launch the Adventure Builder application Navigate the application Animated demo Would you like to see these steps demonstrated for you? me Show Now that the recorder is engaged, you will navigate the application just as you normally would. 1. In the left navigation area of the page, click Island Adventures. Figure 5. Island Adventures link 2. Here you see an expanded list of island adventure trips. From the submenu on the Available Adventure Packages page, click Maui Survival Adventure. Figure 6. Maui Survival Adventure link Rational Performance Tester Page 8 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks eveloperWorks ® 3. This page shows you the options available for the package you have chosen. Click Select Package on the right side of the Adventure Package Details page. You are taken to the Package Options page. Here you can personalize your vacation package by changing the number of people, start date, number of days, etc. For now, just accept the defaults by clicking Se t Package Options. On the Adventure Package Details page, click I Will Provide My Own Transportation. On the Adventure Package page, click Checkout. Let’s keep it simple for now: on the Sign On page, click Sign In as a returning customer. On the Enter Order Details page, scroll to the bottom and click Submit. After a moment, you will be taken to the Checkout page. Here you should see your order ID. Figure 7. The Order ID link on the Checkout page 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 9 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks Note that your order ID will be unique and will not be exactly as shown here. Wait for several seconds after the checkout page loads, then check on the status of your order by clicking on the Order ID link. 10. Once the Order Tracking Results page loads, close the browser. This will cause Performance Tester to begin generating the test based on the traffic it has captured. Section 4. Review and customize the test Performance Tester generates a test based on the HTTP traffic it captured during the recording. The test is much more than a simple HTTP trace log, however. Behind the scenes, Performance Tester does a lot of processing to create a test that is robust, extensible, and easy to maintain. In this section, you will examine the generated test in greater detail and customize it to use unique data. Examine the test Animated demo Would you like to see these steps demonstrated for you? me Show The test is represented in a tree format in the left portion of the Test Editor view. Each top-level node in the tree represents a Web page visited during your recording session. The name of the node is based on the name of the Web page. Figure 8. The Test Contents tree view Rational Performance Tester Page 10 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks developerWorks ® 1. Expand the Welcome to the Adventure Builder Reference application node. Here is where the advanced performance test engineer can see all the details of the transactions behind the page. The first element is highlighted in blue to indicate that it is the primary request — the request for the page HTML contents. Figure 9. The expanded page in the Test Contents tree view 2. Click on the Protocol Data view in the bottom portion of the window, then Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 11 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks click on the primary request highlighted in blue in the tree. The details of the request and its corresponding response are shown in the Request, Response Headers, and Response Content tabs of the Protocol Data view. The Browser tab even renders the contents of the selected element. Figure 10. The Browser tab in the Protocol Data view 3. Detailed information about the selected element is also presented in the right-hand portion of the Test Editor view. You can edit this data if you need to change the host, URL, request header values, or any other field. Automatic data correlation Animated demo Would you like to see these steps demonstrated for you? me Show Web applications tend to be highly dynamic. For example, in the scenario you recorded you placed an order for a vacation package and were given a unique order ID. You then used that order ID to check the status of your purchase. When you play-back this test, it will place another order and you will be given a different order ID. You would want Performance Tester to check the status of that new order ID, not the one you previously recorded. For that reason, Performance Tester performs automatic data correlation. That is, it looks at data parameters sent to the server and matches them up with prior response data from the server. Accessing the correlated data is easy. Rational Performance Tester Page 12 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks developerWorks ® 1. Highlight the Order Tracking Results node in the Test Contents area of the Performance Test view. Now right-click inside the Test Data area to the right and select Show References. Notice that the orderId field is being substituted with data from a prior response. Figure 11. Show References for data correlation 2. Double-click orderId. This takes you to the URL of the actual request for that page. Figure 12. Correlated data in the URL of a request 3. Right-click the highlighted string and select Go To. This takes you directly to the orderId value in the response text of the Checkout request. During test playback, Performance Tester will substitute the orderId value it receives in this response for the orderId in the request for order tracking. Figure 13. Correlated data in the prior response Granted, you now know far more than you probably wanted to know about data correlation; but that is the beauty of Performance Tester: it does all this for you Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 13 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks without any hand coding or other effort on your part. Randomize the data Animated demo Would you like to see these steps demonstrated for you? me Show In performance testing it is essential to be able to randomize the data being sent to the server. Modern Web applications have many layers of caching. If you were to emulate a thousand users using the application doing exactly the same thing, you would not observe typical performance behavior. Once the first emulated user performed the transaction, all the subsequent users would be drawing information from the cache. For this reason, performance test engineers often spend much of their time configuring tests to pull random data from a â€Å"datapool† so that each emulated user uses unique information. Performance Tester automatically identifies likely candidates for datapool access and makes it possible to associate these fields with data sources you provide. 1. Select the Enter Adventure Package Details page node in the test contents. Notice in the Test Data area the start_month, start_year, and start_day parameters. These were the default values in the Options page, which were subsequently transmitted back to the server when the Set Package Options button was clicked. Figure 14. Datapool candidates 2. 3. 4. Set up a datapool to randomize the values used by your virtual users when you play-back this test. Select start_month in the Test Data area. Click Substitute From below the Test Data area. Select Datapool Value†¦. Figure 15. Substitute start_month from the datapool variable Rational Performance Tester Page 14 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks eveloperWorks ® 5. 6. 7. Click Add Datapool on the â€Å"Select datapool† column window. You will add an association to an existing datapool to this test. Select the existing VacationStartDates datapool and click Select. Back in the â€Å"Select datapool† column window, select start_month and click Use Column. Note that the â€Å"Substituted with† column next to the s tart_month variable now has a reference to the datapool column. Select start_year in the Test Data area. Repeat the process. This time you will not need to add the datapool reference; just select start_year and click Use Column. Repeat the above procedure for start_day. The three variable rows should be highlighted in green to indicate they are being substituted from the datapool and should show references in the â€Å"Substituted with† column. Figure 16. Variables substituted with datapool variables 8. 9. 10. Press Ctrl-S to save the test when finished. Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 15 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks Section 5. Schedule a workload One of the keys to a successful performance test is the ability to accurately model the anticipated system workload. Software systems typically have various types of users that perform varied tasks. Performance Tester provides a graphical interface to enable you to model your user activities. Create a schedule Animated demo Would you like to see these steps demonstrated for you? me Show 1. Expand the Schedules folder and double-click the AdventureBuilderLoadTest schedule to open it in the Schedule Editor view. This is a schedule that has been partially completed for you. Figure 17. AdventureBuilderLoadTest schedule in Test Navigator view 2. Two user groups have already been defined in this schedule. As you can see from the annotations on the Schedule Contents, browsers represent 20 percent of your emulated users while buyers represent 80 percent. Figure 18. Schedule Contents shows defined user groups Rational Performance Tester Page 16 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks developerWorks ® 3. Expand the Browsers user group and all contained elements in the Schedule Contents. Figure 19. Details of the Browsers user group Performance Tester offers many advanced constructs to help you test the impact of a realistic load on your system. The hierarchy under the Browsers user group can be interpreted as follows: Each browser will peruse three adventure packages. Browsers will randomly choose to look at either mountain adventures or western adventures but are twice as likely to look at mountain adventures. The action of browsing the adventure category is emulated by tests that were recorded in much the same way you recorded your test. After looking at each category, a browser will wait 1000 milliseconds before browsing another category. 4. The Buyers group has not been completed. Use the test you recorded earlier as an implementation for the Buyers test. Click the Buyers user group. Click Add ; Test and select PurchaseIslandAdventure from the Select Performance Tests window. Save the AdventureBuilderLoadTest schedule. 5. Section 6. Run an automated performance test Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 17 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks In this section you will learn how to execute your test against the Adventure Builder application and monitor the results. Launch the test Animated demo Would you like to see these steps demonstrated for you? me Show 1. Select the topmost node in the Schedule Contents — that is, the AdventureBuilderLoadTest node. A number of execution options are available in the tabs on the right-hand portion of the Performance Schedule Editor view. You can specify the number of users you want to emulate in the Number of users field on the General tab. Since the user groups in this schedule have been defined in terms of percentages, Performance Tester will do all the adjustments for you each time you change the size of your schedule. Leave the Number of users set to 5. The online trial environment is configured for a maximum of five emulated users and attempting to run with more users will result in a license error. Click Run on the toolbar. This launches your performance test. Figure 20. Run button on the toolbar 2. Monitor the test Animated demo Would you like to see these steps demonstrated for you? me Show While your test is running, you can monitor its progress in near real-time. The Overall tab of the Performance Report view will show you test progress in the bar across the top. The bar graph will show the status code success rate for pages and elements. Both should show 100%. While the test is running you can browse the various tabs on the report to see what is happening. 1. Select the Summary tab along the bottom of the report. Basic statistics about the test run, pages, and page elements are given here. Note that these statistics will continue to update until the run has completed. Rational Performance Tester Page 18 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks developerWorks ® 2. 3. Select the Page Performance tab. This tab presents a bar graph of the average page response time for the 10 pages with the highest times. Feel free to browse through the other report pages. The default information presented is relatively easy to read and gives you quick insights into the performance of Adventure Builder application. Note that the graph on the Resources tab will be blank: this is expected. When the test has finished (note the progress bar on the Overall tab), go back to the Page Performance tab. You should notice that the Checkout page is considerably slower than any of the other pages. 4. Section 7. Analyze the root cause At this point, you have successfully used Performance Tester to uncover a performance problem in your application. The next question you will ask yourself is, â€Å"What is causing the problem? † To get to the bottom of this question you will use Performance Tester’s Root Cause Analysis facilities. In this section, you will re-run your test with additional data collection tools engaged. The additional information will help you determine if you are facing a hardware or software issue and drill down to the root cause of the performance bottleneck. Engage resource monitoring Animated demo Would you like to see these steps demonstrated for you? me Show 1. 2. 3. Double-click the AdventureBuilderLoadTest schedule in the Test Navigator view. Revisit some of the additional execution controls on the schedule: start by selecting the top node of the Schedule Contents again. Select the Resource Monitoring tab in the Schedule Element Details area. Resource monitoring enables Performance Tester to log any system parameter from Windows perfmon, Unix or Linux rstatd, or Tivoli Monitoring. Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 19 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks 4. 5. Check Enable resource monitoring. Click Add New†¦ to define a new server on which to monitor resources. Note that you may need to scroll down the right portion of the Performance Schedule view to see the button. In the Resource Monitoring window, enter localhost as the host name. Check Windows Performance Monitor. Note that in this trial environment, the Web server, application server, and Performance Tester system are all running on a single machine: localhost. This is, of course, not a realistic situation. In a true performance testing environment, you can define any machines that might be part of your application or test system. Select the Resources tab. After a few seconds, you can see the extensive list of counters available. To keep it simple, deselect all counters except Memory Pages/sec and Processor % Processor Time. Click OK to close the Resource Monitoring window. 6. 7. 8. Engage Response Time Breakdown 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Select the Response Time Breakdown tab in the Schedule Element Details area of the Performance Schedule. Check Enable collection of response time data. This enables Performance Tester’s response-time data collection infrastructure. Since you know the only test that actually visits the Checkout page is PurchaseIslandAdventure, select only that test. In the Options area, set the Detail level to High. Save the schedule by pressing Ctrl-S. Click the Run button on the toolbar again. Performance Tester launches the test just as before, but this time with resource monitoring and response-time breakdown collection engaged. Examine resource-utilization data 1. While the performance schedule is executing, select the Resources tab Rational Performance Tester Page 20 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks developerWorks ® on the Performance Report. This time, you’ll see data for the resources you chose to collect in the schedule. Figure 21. The Resources tab on the Performance Report . The data you see here, although accurate, is not really representative of a typical load test. In this trial environment, the Performance Tester load generation, Web server, application server, and database server are all running on a single machine. You would normally track resources on each tier of your application. In addition, the load test you just ran was of very short duration. Normally, performance tests will be significantly longer, allowing the systems to reach a steady state. Nonetheless, the trial system gives you a sense of how easy it is to track resource utilization during a performance test. If you have a concern, you can now go to the Response vs. Time Detail tab, right-click on the graph, and click Add/Remove Performance Counters to overlay resource counters onto page response data. This helps you visually correlate any spikes in resource utilization with page activity. Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 21 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks 3. Since it doesn’t appear that the performance issue with Adventure Builder is hardware related, use the response-time breakdown data to find out if it is software related. Examine the response-time breakdown data 1. 2. Select the Page Performance tab of the Performance Report. Drill down into what went on behind the scenes for the Checkout page. Right-click on the bar in the graph for the Checkout page and choose Display Response Time Breakdown Statistics†¦. Select the /ab/checkout. do URL from the Selection Wizard and click Finish. The Response Time Breakdown Statistics view lists methods called on the server tiers of the Adventure Builder application. There are various ways to examine this information. Switch to the Tree Layout view using the Layout button in the upper-right corner of the view. Figure 22. The Tree Layout view 3. 4. Now sort by descending cumulative time by clicking twice on the Cumulative Time column header. Find the root cause of the problem The top node labeled rationaltd represents the machine. In this trial, all system-under-test and test-harness components are running on a single machine. In a real-world test, you would likely see multiple machines listed. The second-level node labeled J2EE/WebSphere†¦ is the WebSphere application server component. From the information here, you can quickly see that the J2EE facet type consuming the most cumulative time is the Servlet. 1. Expand the Servlet node and the com. sun. j2ee. blueprints. waf. controller. web package, and the Rational Performance Tester Page 22 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks developerWorks ® MainServlet class nodes. This tells you that the four invocations of the doPost method in the MainServlet class consumed 42. 113 seconds. Note that your actual values will probably differ. Figure 23. Response time of the doPost method of MainServlet 2. Right-click the doPost method and choose Open Source. Well, what do you know — you have located the source of your performance problem! Figure 24. A sleep statement in the source code Section 8. Summary This tutorial has introduced you to IBM Rational Performance Tester. In a very short time you were able to construct a test suite by recording a performance test for a Web application, customizing the test to randomize data upon playback, and using that test as part of a realistic performance test schedule. You executed that schedule on a small scale and used the near real-time reports to identify a slow page. Once you had identified the page, you gathered resource utilization data and response-time breakdown statistics, which you then used to investigate possible hardware and software causes. You then drilled down to the specific source code method causing the problem. Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 23 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks While you may have learned a lot in this tutorial, you have only scratched the surface of what Performance Tester can do. As you continue to explore Performance Tester you will discover many more features to assist you in testing the performance of your applications and releasing them with confidence. See Resources to learn more about Performance Tester and other IBM software products covered in the Hello World tutorial series. Rational Performance Tester Page 24 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. ibm. com/developerWorks developerWorks ® Resources Learn †¢ The Hello World: Rational Performance Tester (for downloadable trial code) is another version of this tutorial that is written for people who would prefer to set up their own environment, rather than use the online trial of Rational Performance Tester. †¢ The Hello World series of hands-on tutorials introduces IBM software products that play a critical role in implementing an SOA foundation in your enterprise. †¢ See the Rational Performance Tester product page for technical documentation, how-to articles, education, downloads, and product information about Rational Performance Tester. â€Å"Using IBM Rational Performance Tester to find bottlenecks† (David M. Chadwick, developerWorks, September 2006) presents a real-world case study in using Rational Performance Tester. †¢ IBM Rational performance testing solutions provide scalability and load testing for J2EE, Web-based, Siebel, Citrix, and SAP applications. †¢ Learn more about the IBM Ration al Software Delivery Platform — a complete set of tools to build, integrate, modernize, extend, and deploy software and software-based systems. †¢ Learn more about the Eclipse development environment. Get products and technologies †¢ Download a free trial version of Rational Performance Tester. †¢ Build your next development project with IBM trial software, available for download directly from developerWorks. Discuss †¢ Participate in the discussion forum for this content. About the author Dennis Schultz Dennis Schultz joined Rational in 1995 as a technical sales engineer. For eight years, he worked closely with numerous clients, implementing Rational solutions in their projects. Dennis helped deploy solutions for software configuration management, change management, requirements management, and test management and implementation. Since 2003, Dennis has been a Technical Marketing Engineer for Rational Performance Tester  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. Page 25 of 26 developerWorks ® ibm. com/developerWorks IBM Rational software. Dennis holds a B. S. in computer engineering from Iowa State University. He is based in St. Louis, Missouri, and fills his non-work time with his four children. Rational Performance Tester Page 26 of 26  © Copyright IBM Corporation 1994, 2008. All rights reserved. How to cite Rational Performance Testing, Papers

The Sixth Sense Essay Essay Example

The Sixth Sense Essay Paper In a film of this genre, I would expect to find a lot of tension building up, atmosphere, music, lightening, shadows and various camera angles to make a supernatural thriller. In the film, The Sixth Sense a child psychologist named Malcolm Crowe incredible played by Bruce Willis tries to help one of his young patients Vincent Gray (Donnie Walberg) but failed you failed me a speech quoted by Donnie, because of his failure he gets shot, Malcolm gets obsessed with helping his patients, so his relationship with his wife suffers. A year later, another young patient, Cole Sear (a talented young actor) Hayley Joel Osment has the same problem as Vincent he needs Malcolms help. Cole Later tells Malcolm that he can communicate with the dead I see dead people a speech quoted by Hayley,Malcom then figures out a way to make the dead go away, by listening to them and helping them. The dead had come for help, they had a matter that they couldnt complete whilst they were alive and left the matter unresolved. They wanted Cole to help them solve the matter so they can move on. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sixth Sense Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Sixth Sense Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Sixth Sense Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Later Malcolm helps Cole complete this task for a girl who was killed by her stepmother. Patient Cole in return, reveals some helpful information to Malcolm about his wife. In the end Malcolm discovers that he died the night he got shot. The first key scene I am going to examine is the red balloon scene. The scene starts where Cole and his mum Lynn Sear(Toni Collette) attends a birthday party, Cole hears weird noises coming from the top of the staircase and soon gets lured up by the weird noises. Meanwhile Coles mum Lynn is busy socializing with other mums she does not realize that Cole has been lured up the stairs. As the noises sounded like the dead Cole starts to get paranoid, suddenly some nasty kids come up from behind him and shoves Cole into the room, and slams the door after him. Immediately, he gets attacked by the ghost inside, he is screaming and shouting, but the music downstairs is too loud that no-one can hear him. The red balloon then pops, then she notices that someone is in trouble, so she wanders upstairs and realizes it was Cole, She tries her best to open the door, but it seemed to be locked. A minute later, everything goes silence. Coles screaming and shouting shops and the door unlocks . Finally Lynn lifts him out and takes him home. The director has put a lot of different camera angles, shadows, lightening and color in this scene he has uses a wide range of camera angles to show different outcomes, and color to create the scene mood and atmosphere. The picture of the spiral staircase shows the audience by using a high angle to emphasis the color red and tells the audience that danger is near. Another angle the director has used is the low angle shot to create tension usually a low angle shot would show power but somehow the director has made him look innocent and vulnerable in this low angle shot, we, the audience will then know that he is going to have a bad experience. The director has also used shadow and lightening as well as camera angles to create foreshadow to symbolize him being threatened or death already occurred. The second key scene I am going to examine is the red tent scene; I have chosen this scene because there is various music and soundtracks in this scene which make it horrifying and terrifying. The scene starts the thermostat on the wall reads, fifty-two degrees. Cole goes to the toilet a large figure moves past the doorway Coles knees starts to press together, his body becomes very still he stands there and stares into the darkness of the hall. Cole finally steps out into the hallway. His eyes catch a slant of light coming from the kitchen. His breath forms tiny clouds in the cold air. Cole hesitates before being drawn to the kitchen. He then moves briskly to the door halfway down the corridor. Continuing down the hall and turns the corner coming to a stop in the doorway of the kitchen. Cole stares at the back of a person cooking food on the stove. Cole thought it was him mum so his fear slowly fades away until the person turns around it was not Lynn it was a dead, the woman face was demented, Coles face immediately turned the colour of ash Cole backs up to the doorway and hurried down the hall and heads for his tent Cole is curled up in the tent. He lies still for a moment reaching over and flickering on a flash light then the tent get lit up and then suddenly the top of the tent starts ripping Cole starts to scared again and then he notices that a dead was in the tent. The director has put a lot of music to create tension in this scene he uses horrifying soundtracks making it an unsettling and horrifying atmosphere creating fear and suspense for the audience the tempo is what makes the music more horror as the suspense continues the tempo speeds up. As well as tempo of the music there is also cold air use in this scene when the dead are angry the atmosphere becomes cold which indicates something is wrong. Creating a cold atmosphere. The director M. Night. Shyalaman uses a wide range of techniques and methods to create different atmosphere in different scenes. Although red is seen in every scene. The color red is an important color in this film, it set a mood to the film, it is used to symbolize anything in the real world which had become tainted by the other world or anything related to death e. g. Cole red tent, the red balloon, the door knob to the basement all these red indicates to the audience that something is going to happen related to death. The use of red is very effective because it grabs our attention on focusing on the color making the audience more aware of what is happening it also gives the audience a clue to what is going to happen next which is a good idea to put in a film so it lets the audience guess and think first without knowing what is actually going to happen. The actors and actresses in this film are Bruce Willis as Malcolm Crowe Haley Joel Osment as Cole Sear Toni Collette as Lynn Sear Olivia Williams as Anna Crowe Glenn Fitzgerald as Sean Mischa Barton as Kyra Collins Donnie Walberg as Vincent Gray Bruce and Haley are both brilliant actors in this film they are classed as brilliant because they both can show thought and feeling using just there eyes without using word which is what make the film more successful. They both have very good facial expressions, body language and emotions because there faces when acting really convinces us that they are really in that situation. For example in the picture of Cole his eyes show us that he needs to tell us something but is too scared to do so. Lastly, I think this film is very effective and brilliant to watch because there are various techniques used thought the film especially how the director has used the red to make it different from other films which is more useful because we are more aware of the red than any thing else. Another reason why I like the film is because the director has uses a lot of different camera angles which make the audience think and feel a different way. So overall I think this film is successful and great to watch.