Creating a Digital Scrapbook on Your Computer

You probably use your computer to conduct a lot of your family history research, so why not use it to display the results? Digital scrapbooking, or computer scrapbooking, is simply scrapbooking with the aid of a computer. Going digital instead of the traditional scrapbook route means less money spent on supplies, and the ability to print out multiple copies of your beautiful scrapbook layouts. You can also display your work in the form of Web galleries to easily share with family and friends. In short, digital scrapbooking is a perfect medium for presenting and displaying your ancestors and their stories. Benefits of Digital Scrapbooking Most people first try digital scrapbooking by using their computer to create design elements they can then print, cut out, and use in their regular scrapbook pages. Computers are great for creating text for page headlines, photo captions, and journaling, for example. Computer clip art can be used to embellish traditional scrapbook pages. Most graphics software programs come with special effects to help you enhance your photos and pages with antique sepia tones, torn or burnt edges, and digital picture frames. When youre ready to go one step further, you can use your computer to create entire scrapbook pages. The page background, text, and other decorations are all arranged and formatted on the computer, and then printed out as a single page. Photographs can still be attached to the computer generated page in the traditional manner. Alternatively, digital photographs can be added to the scrapbook page on your computer, and the complete page, photographs and all, printed as a single unit. What You Need to Get Started If you already own a computer, youll only need a few basic supplies to get started with digital scrapbooking. Equipment/Software needed for Digital Scrapbooking: Digital Imaging Software, such as Jasc Paint Shop Pro or Adobe Photoshop ElementsPhotos in digital format, either scanned into your computer or imported from your cameraPhoto quality printer and photo paper to print out your scrapbook layouts or design elements (alternatively, you can have them printed at your local copy shop) Software for Digital Scrapbooking If youre new to digital photo editing and graphics, then it is often easiest to begin with a good computer scrapbooking program. These programs offer a wide variety of pre-made templates and elements that let you create beautiful scrapbook pages without a lot of graphics knowledge. Some of the most popular digital scrapbook software programs include Nova Scrapbook Factory Deluxe, LumaPix FotoFusion, and Ulead My Scrapbook 2. DIY Digital Scrapbooking For the more digitally creative, any good photo editor or graphics software program will allow you to create beautiful digital scrapbooks. This gives you the real hands-on experience from start to finish, as you can create your own background papers, design elements, etc. You can also use the same program to creatively crop and enhance your photos. Among the best graphics software programs for digital scrapbooking are Photoshop Elements and Paint Shop Pro. For more on using your graphics software to create digital scrapbooks, see Beginners Reference to Digital Scrapbooking.

Machiavelli’s View of Human Nature Essay - 1696 Words

Machiavelli’s View of Human Nature Simple versions of Machiavelli’s conception of human nature may readily be elicited from The Prince. It is easy to find textual support for claims that appear to presuppose or be equivalent to some version of psychological egoism. He says, for example, that â€Å"men in general †¦ are ungrateful, voluble, dissemblers, anxious to avoid danger, and covetous of gain; as long as you benefit them, they are entirely yours,† but their â€Å"love is held by a chain of obligation which, men being selfish, is broken whenever it serves their purpose.† (Prince, xvii, p. 61) Again, speaking of a prince’s counselors, he says â€Å"[they] will all think of their own interests †¦. for men will always be false †¦ unless they are†¦show more content†¦56) But there are several reasons for trying to look deeper, for suspecting that Machiavelli may mean something other than what appears on the surface.[1] First, though he has clearly thought long and deeply about politics, he nowhere tries to give us a systematic account of human nature. His remarks on the subject are remarks – generally in the form of asides intended to reinforce some other point. He is a careful and intelligent observer of the world around him, but there is nothing to suggest that any of his staements on human nature are meant to be self-sufficient and unqualified by what he has to say elsewhere. Second, he is speaking of a restricted context, the arena of political power and conflict. Nobody, including Machiavelli, thinks that the topics he seeks to address encompass all of human life. Politics may set the terms within which other interests are pursued – but there are other interests and other pursuits. Machiavelli, in short, may no more need a general conception of human nature than the economist needs to ‘believe in’ the existence of Economic Man. An economist need not believe that all people are rational profit maximizers, only that in certain contexts it is useful so to model them. And, along similar lines, Machiavelli might well be construed as modeling the behavior of ‘Political Man,’ rather than expressing any generalShow MoreRelatedMachiavellis View on Human Nature Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesMachiavelli’s View on Human Nature The author, Niccolà ³ Machiavelli, is different from other humanists in his time, because his view on the nature of man contradicts what most humanists believed. Humanists of that time believed that individuals played an important role to the well-being of the state, and that â€Å"†¦ they also believed in classicism’s basic tenet that human nature is inherently rational and good† (Western Humanities, pg. 343). Machiavelli, however, had a negative view on human natureRead MoreEssay about Machiavelli’s View of Human Nature583 Words   |  3 Pages Machiavelli’s philosophy about the nature of man is that man possesses both good and bad qualities, but will lean towards his own self-interests when all things are equal: thus man is a fickle creature. Machiavelli’s view of human nature influences his view of government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Machiavelli writes, â€Å"that man has qualities that will bring him either praise or blame† and because aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli832 Words   |  4 Pageswas of the view that politics has the morality of its own, and that there is no repute of justice or injustice, of brutality or forgiveness, of agreement or dishonor, which should interfere with the decision of defending the state and preserving its freedom. The Prince was written as a letter of personal advice to Lorenzo Medici. He has made numerous recommendations to the ruler in instruction to protect his power (Jacobs). Apart from this, he underscored the ideology of human nature, which accordingRead MoreComparing Nicolo Machiavelli s The Prince1014 Words   |  5 PagesWhile the human race is incredibly diverse and expansive, many writers and philosophers work to find common characteristics that they can attribute to what is typically referred to as human nature. Nico lo Machiavelli provides his beliefs on human nature in his text, The Prince. While this work mostly surrounds the proper way to lead a princedom, there are many parts of the text that show how human nature affects the way a prince should rule his people. The examples of princes having to work aroundRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1699 Words   |  7 Pagesworld leaders to political antiheroes in television dramas, characterizing someone as a â€Å"Machiavellian figure† is perceived more as derisive description than an accurate representation of that person’s philosophical views of power. This popular depiction is due to Niccolo Machiavelli’s harsh portrayal of the interlaced relationship between power and politics in his treatise, The Prince. Machiavelli begins his work by contending that it is â€Å"more effective† to reveal the â€Å"practical truth of a subject†Read MoreNiccolo Machiavellis The Prince810 Words   |  3 Pages Niccolo Machiavelli’s most famous book, The Prince, contains the most valid information for a prince, a president, and even a king, to keep hold of their own power. Machiavelli tells about the importance and power of political action, his opinions, and most of all philosophy at it’s finest. Throughout the twenty-six chapters of this book he describes the bold, brave, practical, and powerful prince and how the prince’s life should be lived. Machiavelli’s view of human nature is used as justificationRead More Machiavelli?s View Of Human Nature Essay1060 Words   |  5 Pages Machiavelli’s view of human nature. Machiavelli has long been required reading for everyone intrested in politics and power. In The Prince Niccolo M achiavelli presents a unique view on governing a state. Machiavelli believes the ruling Prince should be the only authority that should determine every aspect of the state and put in effect a policy which would serve his best interests. These interests were gaining, maintaining, and expanding his political power. (Machiavelli,5). His understandingRead MoreThe Political Theories Of Machiavelli, Niccolo Machiavelli And Thomas Hobbes1456 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent views of human nature, which is what people are fundamentally like. In order for a political theory to function in a certain society, it needs to understand how people think and act. Three prominent political theorists were Aristotle, Niccolo Machiavelli, and Thomas Hobbes. Aristotle viewed humans as natural â€Å"political animals† that have both rational and irrational sides to them, allowing for a government that provided overall goodness for the people. Machiavelli took a more grim view of humanRead MoreEssay about Reflection on Machiavelli919 Words   |  4 PagesMachiavelli was born on May 3, 1469 in Florence, Italy. Florence was considered one of the most dominant Italian power to conquer. It was the main attraction for the renaissances influences. Throughout the years, Machiavellis presence was around the time that both the French and Spanish armies were fighting over the control of Italy. During this time, Italy was falling apart because it was deficient in leadership. Machiavelli served 14 years as Chancellor of Florence before he was exiled inRead MoreMachiavelli s A Comparison Of Ideals748 Words   |  3 Pagesthe basis of sovereignty. All things considered, government is still a very broad term. Many have spent years philosophizing the different ways the system of government can function as. Two men, specifically, have thought quite a bit about power, human nature, and the ideal way of governing.   Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s political philosophy in  The Social Contract speaks often of freedom. Some of his popular ideas are the general will that expresses the need for said freedom. Government’s creation was for

Philippine Daily Inquirer Free Essays

string(28) " Prieto took over her post\." â€Å"The Philippine Daily Inquirer† I. Introduction Philippine Daily Inquirer is one of the most prominent newspapers in the Philippines. It is the most widely read newspaper nowadays because of its updated content. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Daily Inquirer or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Philippine Daily Inquirer is undeniably the country’s most widely read and circulated newspaper. With over 2. 7 million nationwide readers daily, it enjoys a market share of over 50% and tops the readership surveys. Not only is it the most read among all sectors and ages, it is also the country’s most trusted source of hard-hitting news and countless exposes. Distinguished by award-giving bodies like the Catholic Mass Media Awards, Jaime Ongpin Awards for Investigative Journalism and Anvil Awards, it is the Philippines’ most awarded broadsheet with over 200 awards and citations. Besides being the country’s leading journalistic voice, the Inquirer is also strongly committed to social responsibility and has taken an active role in various socio-civic programs. Its business savvy and social conscience have been recognized with the Agora Award for Outstanding Marketing Company of the Year in 1998, Anvil Award of Merit for its participation in Tabang Mindanaw and Gold Quill Award of Excellence for Economic, Social and Environmental Development in 2003. It is also the most environmentally friendly newspaper in the country, being the first local newspaper to use organic soy-based ink, 100% recycled newsprint and a resizing of the paper saving seven trees a day. It won a special citation from the Catholic Mass Media Awards for its environmental initiatives and a Gold Quill Award of Excellence for its youth readership program. Its meaningful goal of making a difference in the everyday life of Filipinos continues to be the driving force behind its journalistic and corporate initiatives. As the country’s no. 1 newspaper, the Philippine Daily Inquirer will remain steadfast in its commitment to bring â€Å"Balanced news, fearless views† to readers when and where it matters. II. History The Philippine Daily Inquirer was born in the last days of 1985. Like its predecessors, the Mr. and Mrs. Special Edition and the weekly Philippine Inquirer, it was to play an important role in helping bring about chronicling the historic EDSA revolution. The Sandiganbayan on December 2, 1985 acquitted all 25 soldiers and a civilian accused in the Aquino-Galman double murder case. At about the same time, President Ferdinand E. Marcos called for a snap presidential election. Ms. Corazon C. Aquino, widow of Sen. Benigno S. Aquino Jr. , was soon nominated by the opposition to run against Marcos. A strong demand then arose for a credible alternative broadsheet that would compete with the three national dailies controlled by the government. Mrs. Eugenia D. Apostol, Chair of Mr. Ms. Publishing Co. , and a group of media people organized the INQUIRER to meet the demand for a credible broadsheet. The group headed by Mrs. Apostol wanted to have a newspaper that was truly independent, free from the influence of interest groups. The INQUIRER started publishing with less than P1 million in seed money, its maiden issue, published on December 9, 1985, sold 30,000 copies. The first issue said that the INQUIRER would chronicle the times with candor and courage. The paper later adopted the slogan â€Å"Balanced News, Fearless Views. The new daily was housed in the dilapidated one-story Star Building on 14th and Railroad streets in Port Area, Manila. It was put out by 40 editors, reporters, correspondents, photographers and other editorial employees working in a 100 square meter newsroom. Columnist Louie Beltran was named its Editor-in-Chief. The INQUIRER’s circulation increased as Ms. Aquino’s campaign picked up. By January 1986 it was selling 100,000 copies and by February 1986, shortly before the election, it was selling more than 250,000 copies and circulation was continuing to climb beyond the 300,000 mark. After the EDSA Revolution, the circulation settled down, but the INQUIRER still ranked second among the top broadsheets with 175,000 paid copies daily. On June 27, 1986, the INQUIRER transferred to the former Madrid Restaurant on EDSA. The new president, Ms. Corazon C. Aquino, was the guest of honor at the inauguration. In its first year of operation, the Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. ranked 339th on the list of top 1,000 companies of the country. Since then it has been consistently on the list in 1988, 530th; in 1989, 467th; in 1990, 451st in 1991; 451st again; in 1992, 349th ; in 1993, 333rd; in 1994, 315th; and in 1995, 296th. Frederico D. Pascual, former assistant managing editor of the Daily Express, was named executive editor in February 1987, replacing Beltran. Pascual was appointed Editor-in-Chief two years later. On Sept. 22, 1987, two veterans in newspaper management joined the INQUIRER: Mariano B. Quimson, Jr. as president and Ben M. Pangilinan as Vice President for Marketing, it was also at that time that the INQUIRER received an additional capital infusion. In November of that year, the INQUIRER began setting up a modern electronic newsroom Today, the entire editorial and production operation of the INQUIRER is 100 percent computerized. On November 17, 1987 the INQUIRER moved again, this time to the BF Condominium on Aduana Street, Intramuros. It was in 1990 that the INQUIRER overtook the lead of another daily and became the country’s biggest circulated broadsheet. This was validated by a circulation audit conducted by Sycip, Gorres and Velayo for the Print Media Audit Council which found that the INQUIRER had an average net paid daily circulation of 200,759 for the period of October 1989 to March 1990. Since that time the INQUIRER has consistently led in the circulation ratings. The BF Condominium building was damaged in the earthquake of July 1990. On January 5, 1991 the INQUIRER transferred to the YIC building on United Nations Avenue and Romualdez Street in Malate. On June 14, 1991, Leticia Jimenez Magsanoc, columnist and associate publisher, was appointed Editor-in-Chief. On January 26, 1994, Ms. Apostol, the INQUIRER founding chair, retired and Ms. Marixi R. Prieto took over her post. You read "Philippine Daily Inquirer" in category "Papers" A group led by Eduardo Espiritu, former PNB president bought Ms. Apostol’s shares in the company. Previously, a group headed by Ms. Prieto had bought into the Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. On Feburary 4, 1994, the PDI board of directors appointed Isagani Yambot as publisher. The INQUIRER transferred to its building on Chino Roces Street (formerly Pasong Tamo) corner Yague and Mascardo Streets in Makati City on January 5,1995, its printing press was installed earlier, only about 20 meters away from the office building. The INQUIRER is now the No. 1 newspaper in the country in terms of ciculation and readership. It has a daily average circulation of 250,000 and a Sunday circulation of 270,000. Based upon the Asia Research Organization’s (ARO) trimedia survey, it is estimated that more than 2. million readers nationwide are now reading the INQUIRER. Of the INQUIRER’S 416 employees, 192 are with the editorial group and 224 with the business group. In addition to its 56 regular reporters based in Metro Manila, the INQUIRER has 90 provincial correspondents who cover the news throughout the country. It has four news bureaus in Baguio City (Northern Luzon), Legas pi City (Southern Luzon), Cebu City (the Visayas) and Davao City (Mindanao). To date, The Inquirer is the most awarded broadsheet. It’s writers have been honored with over 100 awards and citations. It was chosen Newspaper of the Year by the Rotary Club of Manila in 1992 and was lone print media awardee in January 1995, during the visit of Pope John Paul II, when it was cited by the Catholic Mass Media Awards for Best News Reportage. In May 1997, it was again given the CMMA award (now the Lorenzo Ruiz Award) for its â€Å"pork barrel† series. It also received the Webby Award for its website (www. inquirer. net), and Agora award for Marketing Company of the Year, and in 1999, the grand prize of the 1998 Citibank Excellence in Journalism Award (Elena Torrijos) as well as an Anvil Award for Merit for its Tabang Mindanaw campaign in ’98. In May 1998, Ben Pangilinan formally retired from the office and was succeeded by Alexandra P. Romualdez as president. The INQUIRER has come a long way from December 1985 when it started on a P1 million budget and enjoyed an initial circulation of 30,000. It is now the daily newspaper with the biggest circulation and readership. It is considered one of the most influential dailies in the country today. III. Mission, Vision, and Values The mission of the Philippine Daily Inquirer is to be the dominant, most respected and influential Philippine media organization for Filipinos here and abroad. Generally speaking, they want to be known having an important role in the society. Not only locally but to be acclaimed internationally. Their vision is focused on becoming a world-class processor of news and information, publishing the country’s newspaper of record, informing and influencing our public, providing other excellent services and serving as a catalyst for social progress – all within the framework of a liberal democracy. And lastly, their corporate values which are focused on these things as follows: Excellence We uphold the highest standards in journalism and provide top-quality service to readers, advertisers and clients. We perform our roles to the best of our abilities and continuously seek to improve our expertise and skills. We strive to be reliable, accurate, efficient and effective in the delivery of our services and management of our finances. Integrity We abide by the principles of honesty, fairness and incorruptibility in our journalistic, business and interpersonal conduct. Through these, we establish our credibility and become worthy of the trust of our stakeholders. Editorial Independence We maintain the freedom to take a position regardless of external and internal pressure, ensure that we hear out all sides, decide responsibility without fear or favor, and respect independent thinking and freedom to express views and opinions. Responsibility We work for the betterment of our nation and strive to preserve and conserve resources in all our undertakings. Teamwork We respect and trust each member of the team and work harmoniously to achieve the organization’s goals. Dynamism We continuously improve and respond to the changing needs of the environment, the market and the organization. We adopt an open-minded, forward-looking and proactive stance in meeting the challenges of the future. In upholding these values, we seek the guidance of Divine Providence to attain higher levels of development. IV. S. W. O. T. ANALYSIS This is an analysis which enumerates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Philippine Daily Inquirer has fully established a good name in the media industry. It is known as one of the best leading newspapers in the country. We have asked few people with regard to their opinion about the newspaper to determine its strengths and weaknesses. STRENGTHS †¢The main strength of PDI is their news paper Name. No matter where people live, almost everybody knows their news paper Name. †¢The Philippine Daily Inquirer is undeniably the country’s most widely read and circulated newspaper. †¢It is also the most environmentally friendly newspaper in the country, being the first local newspaper to use organic soy-based ink, 100% recycled newsprint and a resizing of the paper saving seven trees a day. †¢Following the principle of honesty, fairness and credibility when giving information. †¢One of the reputed news paper industries today. They have digital edition available to all readers. †¢Good reputation among customers. WEAKNESSES †¢PDI news paper is not readable by a commoner. †¢High cost structure. Not all people can afford the price of the news paper. OPPORTUNITIES †¢Aside from the internet (inquirer. net) and radio (radio inquirer) there is the opportunity for the famous publish er to go on television. †¢ As a medium, it helps to inform the general public to be aware of the latest events in the country in all aspects be it in the politics, showbiz, economy, etc.. Another thing is it emphasized quality news reporting which can bring up the mind of the people to think broader things in life. †¢It also helps the economy in terms of employment, as they hire people who qualify to their requirements. †¢ It plays a good competition in the media industry which can influence other media companies to perform a healthy and balance information to the public. THREATS †¢Because of the many forms of new media, people would not be interested anymore to subscribe to newspaper †¢Because of the majority of the Filipinos are uneducated, they tend to prefer to buy newspaper which are printed in tagalong. In terms of price, small media companies who print newspaper in tagalog are more affordable so they patronize more on them. †¢The computers and in ternet can affect the print media to boom the industry specifically the newspapers because they can also be read through the internet without buying them. †¢ If public would not patronize their newspaper chances would be more unemployment scenario if the company closes if they could not survive anymore. V. Competitors In the world of media, competition is never an outcast. Even television and radio stations are all aiming to be number one, and so as all the newspaper companies throughout the country. Philippine Daily Inquirer is only one of those competing newspaper companies. One of the most famous newspapers in the country is the Manila Bulletin. The Manila Bulletin (also known as the Bulletin and previously known as the Manila Daily Bulletin and the Bulletin Today) is the Philippines’ largest broadsheet newspaper by circulation, followed by the Philippine Daily Inquirer. It bills itself as â€Å"The Nation’s Leading Newspaper†, which is its official slogan. Founded in 1900 as a shipping journal, it is the second-oldest Philippine newspaper, second only to The Manila Times. Its name was changed from Bulletin Today on March 12, 1986. It was originally owned by a Swiss expatriate named Hans Menzi. The Manila Bulletin survived the Martial law era of President Ferdinand Marcos for propaganda purposes. The newspaper is owned by Filipino-Chinese business mogul Emilio Yap, who, aside from the Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation (the paper’s controlling company), also owns the Manila Hotel, Centro Escolar University and Euro-Phil Laboratories. The company has been listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange since 1990, and had revenues of approximately US$45 million in 2004. Besides its flagship it publishes two other daily tabloids, Tempo and Balitia, as well as nine magazines such as thePhilippine Panorama, Bannawag, Liwayway, Bisaya and a host of other journals in English, Tagalog,Cebuano and other Philippine languages. Another newspaper that is reigning in the media organization today is the Philippine Star. The Philippine Star is a daily English-language broadsheet newspaper based in Manila and circulated nationwide in the Philippines. Owned and published by PhilSTAR Daily, Inc, it was founded on July 28, 1986 by veteran journalists Max Soliven, Betty Go-Belmonte and Art Borjal. The Philippine STAR has an established circulation in Hong Kong and Saudi Arabia. It is among the top three broadsheets in the country, by circulation, along with the Philippine Daily Inquirer and the Manila Bulletin, with other Philippine newspapers trailing far behind. Data from the Neilsen Media Index for the first quarter of 2008 show that the Philippine Star is the most read broadsheet in the Philippine capital of Metro Manila, with a Monday-to-Saturday readership of 47. percent. As of the last semester of 2007, the Media Index also showed the Star is the number one broadsheet among the ABC1 socio-economic class, with 47. 3 percent of the market, up from 35. 7 percent the previous year. A separate survey by the Nielsen Media Research – Print Advertising Information Service, which monitors print advertising placements, shows that in 2007, the STAR received the lion’s share of advertising expenditure among all other Philippine broadsheets. It reports P2. 97 billion worth of advertising went to the Philippine Star, followed by P2. 8 billion for the Philippine Daily Inquirer, and P1. 35 billion for the Manila Bulletin. All of the leading newspapers today already have many similarities today. It only depends on how they market themselves to prove that they are better than anybody. Some of the other newspapers gaining prestige today are Manila Times, Business Mirror, Manila Tribune and many more. VI. Recommendation Philippine Daily Inquirer has already done all the best to establish their good name and image in the media industry. Based on the analysis that we did, I would like to focus more on the suggestions to improve their weaknesses and make it become part of the strength. We have stated in the weaknesses that Philippine Daily Inquirer is not readable by a commoner and it is something that seems to be a high cost structure. We would like to recommend to the company to have a Filipino version of the newspaper written in the native language so it is easier for all types of readers to understand the content and meaning. Make it friendlier to all readers. Because today, not all Filipinos are able to understand the English language and most of them belong to the middle and average classes only. Even those who are really capable of reading in the English language are not becoming interested in newspapers written in English simply because it needs a little more of effort to fully understand. When it comes to the high cost structure, we would like to recommend to the company to lessen the pages. As one of the readers of their newspaper, we find it a little too hard to understand and our interests focus only in one page or two. We don’t really like reading all of the pages of the paper. Another suggestion, make it more attractive. Just like with the advertisements of products, make it pleasing for the eyes of their readers. Also make it more affordable for the Filipino people. Media Management and Marketing Group Members: Montereza A. Veloria Natasha Kate Mendoza Ma. Theresa Cambel Carylle Estrella Charles Aguilar Monday/Thursday 6:00 pm to 7:30 pm Professor Dino Cantal How to cite Philippine Daily Inquirer, Papers

Sustainable Living and Innovation System Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Living and Innovation System. Answer: Introduction Often, people describe sustainable living as requiring long-term and joint outlook by the community that integrates economic, environmental, and social objectives(Livermore, 2012). Currently, the contribution of the private sector is through innovation which comes from the development and the better use of the environment, and eco-efficiently to provide and produce services and goods and create wealth and employment(Livermore, 2012). Extending and delivering this contribution beyond eco-efficiency relies upon innovation that is continuous, and which can be made possible through the application of better technologies and effective design. This literature review paper discusses aspects of sustainable living and innovations that can ensure sustainability. According to (Hautamki, 2010), sustainability is defined as the study of the function, diversification, and the production of what is needed by the natural system to keep ecology at a balance. Sustainability acknowledges that civilization of the human beings utilizes resources to sustain the contemporary way of life. (Likhotal, 2014) argues that in the history of human civilization, there are several instances where civilization has adversely affected its chances of survival by damaging its own environment. Sustainability is concerned with how human beings can coexist in harmony with their own surrounding through the protection of the environment from destructions and damages. Sustainable living refers to the process of reducing the natural resources demand by ensuring that one replaces what is used to the best of ones ability(Christa Lidtke, 2012). In some instances, it means not settling on consuming a product or service which has been produced through methodologies that do not support sustainability. In some situations, it means changing how an individual do thigs so that one can take an active role of the life cycle. Currently, human beings live in a highly modernized world and mostly in urban setting, especially in developed countries, and as result, there is a very high rate of consumption of the natural resources. In most of urban centers power is consumed more as compared to rural areas(Livermore, 2012). Whereas the power that is consumed urban areas is more than average. This power is utilized mostly to power appliances, lighting streets, heating homes, and other household activities. However, that does not mean that sustainable living only focuse s on individuals who resides in urban areas. This is because there are efforts to make improvements in every corner of the world. On average, it is estimated that people in urban areas uses every year more than 40% resources than what they can replace(Courvisanos, 2012). Sustainable living and sustainability focuses on striking a balance between competing needs, which include the economic needs, environmental needs and the social needs. Sustainability does not focus only on the environment, but also about the health of individuals in a given society. It ensures that no life or a person should suffer as a consequence of environmental legislations. Sustainability analyses the long-term consequences human actions and seeking solutions on how it can be increased. The World Summit on Social Development in 2005, identified three main aspects that makes up the social science Social science of sustainable living. In several certification schemes and standards of majority of the countries, these aspects form a foundation for handling the key areas that are faced with the world(The General Assembly, 2005). According to the Commission of Butland, sustainable living is described as the living or development which is able to meet the present needs without comprising the need of the future generation. Therefore, there is the need to consider the future, when making our decisions about the present(The General Assembly, 2005). This study discusses economic and environmental protection as the two core aspects of sustainable living. Economic Sustainability Economic aspect among the political class continue to be a challenging issue. This is because politically, people continues to disagree on what is economically sound and what is not, and how it influences the businesses and to some extent, the employability. It is concerned with also providing businesses with incentives to help them adhere to the guidelines of the sustainability which stretches beyond the businesses normal legislation threshold. It entails also encouraging and availing incentives for an average individual to continue engaging in sustainable living where they can(John C. V. Pezzey, 2002). The economic sustainability works with assumption that individual as own may not be able to achieve much, however, when they are working collectively, they can be able to achieve a lot together. The market of supply and demand in nature is consumerist. Also in each day, the modern lifestyles need a lot of resources(Courvisanos, 2012). For the environments sake, the most important iss ue is to get under control all that is consumed by people. Economic sustainability is concerned with providing people what they require without necessarily compromising the life quality, more so in the developing economies, and decreasing the financial load by doing the right thing. Majority of people are quite aware of what they can do to manage and conserve environment. Environmental protection entails recycling of waste products, decreasing power consumption by powering of electronic devices that are not in use, not taking buses for walkable distances, and other measures(Ram Chhavi Sharma, 2017). Enterprises are regulated to keep their carbon emissions low and to prevent them from polluting the environment. Most developed countries provide incentives to individuals and businesses which install renewable power sources. As an aspect of sustainable living, environmental protection is considered by many as a major concern of the humanitys future. Environmental protection defines how people should study and protect air quality, ecosystems, sustainability and integrity of their resources by focusing on areas that strains the environment. It is also concerned on how the green future will be driven by the technology. According to EPA, the development of biotechnology and technology is key to the environmental sustainability(Ram Chhavi Sharma, 2017). At such, there is need to protect the future of the environment from the possible dangers that may be brought as a result of technological advancement. Sustainable Living and Innovation Since the times of Industrial Revolution, organizations have continued to apply technology as a driver of progress. This brought the opportunity to utilize the physical world for the benefit of human generation(Ronaldo MotaEmail, 2014). Innovation refers to successful implementation of new ideas. Innovation highly relies on technological advancements. However, technology has continuously availed the opportunities to sell new services and products in a much more safer and cleaner ways. Most of the current economic and social developments are as a consequence of new innovations and developments in fields such as energy supply, information processing, communication, and health sciences. Innovations delivers tailored solutions that are smarter to accomplish various tasks. Rather than being colossal in approach, the techniques are applied by responsive and dynamic networks of large and small, private and public firms, working in competition and together ways that were not never possible before. The opportunities are enormous and changes tremendous, however, it is becoming vivid that technological advancement is only a segment of attaining sustainability and that its impacts are positive always, as many people may think(Martin Charter, 2007). Additionally, other aspects that can support and drive progress are changing themselves and should be understood. For instance, the social categories that was well defined and upon which the post-war institutions of the Western were developed, does not fit anymore with the values and aspirations of the people(Courvisanos, 2012). Most of the developed economies are experiencing a movement towards a diverse Mosaic Society which is increasingly becoming a multidimensional with needs that are uncertain. However, these societies are becoming more concerned with numerous subjects which includes technology and science. Concurrently, irrespective of existence of higher impacts than at any other period in the history, majority of the global popu lation continues to be poor despite of the new innovations(Martin Charter, 2007). According to this population, the significance of the global markets and the social and economic importance of globalization are increasingly being doubted. Most of the researchers have offered visionary and persuasive ideas of enhanced sustainability and which can be achieved by clarifying the developments that have occurred in the recent past. To achieve sustainability through innovations, different major companies have designed their sustainable development approaches by applying and following some of the innovative principles as follows: By making sure that the corporate world understands what is expected from them by the society. This is expressed by the organization values. The organization then reinforces its values in styles that enforces the spirit of continuous improvement which stretches the organization. Through the development of approaches and tools to raise performance across the environmental, economic, and social aspects of sustainable living and to integrate these techniques within the daily operations of the enterprise. For the existing business processes and which are going through the normal process of business development, these principles are conjointly reinforced(Courvisanos, 2012). They give an effective and positive framework that organizations can apply in controlling the public mistrust and the impacts of the environment(John C. V. Pezzey, 2002). Unlike two decades ago, where majority of the firms based on regulatory requirements to measure their standards of performance, many companies today have decided to get beyond regulations. This is because they see the commercial essence of not basing their performance on regulations. They have established innovative practices in areas such as quality management, which have shown that adhering to sustainable principles goes hand in hand with the organizational development. References Christa Lidtke, M. J. W. H. R. J. N., 2012. LIVING LAB: user?driven innovation for sustainability. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 13(2), pp. 106-118. Courvisanos, J., 2012. Environment, Innovation and Sustainable Development: Introduction to an Interdisciplinary Approach. Journal of Innovation Economics, 2(1), pp. 3 - 10. Hautamki, A., 2010. Sustainable Innovation: A New Age of Innovation and Finlands Innovation Policy. 1 ed. Helski: Edita Prima Ltd. . John C. V. Pezzey, M. A. T., 2002. The Economics of Sustainability: A Review of Journal Articles, Washington, D.C: Resources for the Future. Likhotal, A., 2014. Environmental Acceptability as the driver of New Civilization. Cadmas, 2(2), pp. 24-34. Livermore, J., 2012. Simple, Sustainable Living: An Illustrated Journal, s.l.: Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. Martin Charter, T. C., 2007. Sustainable Innovation. 1 ed. Farnham, UK: University College for the Creative Arts. Ram Chhavi Sharma, N. S., 2017. Influence of Oxides of Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide and Sulpher Dioxide on Surface Ozone Level in Different Meteorological Seasons in Haryana State, Northern India. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 5(1), pp. 1-8. Ronaldo MotaEmail, J. F. O., 2014. Combining innovation and sustainability: an educational paradigm for human development on earth. Brazilian Journal of Science and Technology. The General Assembly, 2005. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, s.l.: United Nation.

Walk of Privilege free essay sample

I would learn a lot about myself, but I really didn’t. Instead of learning I prefer to see it as I came to a realization about my life. And that was, that I am so very privileged, more then I had ever thought of before. â€Å"The Walk of Privilege† that I took in my Anth 280 class made me see how very lucky I am. While we as a class all started in the same spot, on the same line, we all ended up very far away from each other. Some of us ahead of the line, and some of us behind the line. While doing this exercise not once did I take a step back. I took fourteen steps forward though. Fourteen steps forward and no steps back is proving how privileged I really was. I learned that even though I thought I had it â€Å"rough† sometimes as a kid, there were so many people who had it much worse. We will write a custom essay sample on Walk of Privilege or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I saw that in my class. When â€Å"The Walk of Privilege† exercise was over and I was counting my steps backwards to the starting line a lot of my class was counting their steps forward to the starting line. That means that they just had so many more struggles then I would have ever imagined having in my life. Yet, we all have been accepted and are attending University of Illinois which is a nationally ranked school, and one of the best research universities in the nation. What did I learn about my classmates from our collective Walk of Privilege? Well I learned that I had an extremely easy life compared to some people. One question that stuck out in my head after our collective walk was the one about food. â€Å"If you ever had to skip a meal or were hungry because there was not enough money to buy food when you were growing up, take one step back. This was question twelve on our collective Walk of Privilege and when I saw a good group of my class step back a piece of my heart broke for them. This small discussion class of only 17 people grew to be a very vital and important part of my week. Even though we did not agree on every subject this group made me feel at home even when though I am so far away from home. Going to this class was something I looked forward to every week and to see how many people could not afford food at one point or another was very sad to me. Another thing I noticed was that some people in the class didn’t end up where I thought they would have. I had presumed that a couple of the girls that I had become close with would be up with me, further away from the starting point, but they weren’t. The two of them stuck close together, which I attributed to the fact they grew up in the same place, yet still they were not close to me. I have my personal opinions and thoughts as to why they were not close to me, but I don’t feel as if it is right or necessary to discuss the reasons why I presume they were not further away from the starting line. When I say the word America the first thoughts that come to mind are; united, we are all the same, pursuit of happiness, freedom, etc. But, after our collective Walk of Privilege I have come to realize that is what America used to represent but not so much anymore. How can we call ourselves united or one in the same when even in just a class of 17 there is such diversity. Much of my class is from the same state, Illinois, and even then they are all so different. America used to be a place where you could find freedom, and create your own happiness but now it is a place of such diversity, poverty, and corruption that it is nearly impossible to call us all one. An article that really puts this into perspective for me was, â€Å"Crack in Spanish Harlem: Culture and Economy in the Inner City† by Philippe Bourgois. In this article Bourgois writes on the cultures of Spanish Harlem and how once you are in the drug or sex business it is hard to get out, and that it is hard to get out of Spanish Harlem in general even if you aren’t involved in those businesses. The thing is, is that this article is written about a place in America. I know I didn’t grow up in a place anywhere like this. I grew up in a quaint little coastal town in Maine. This is why I can’t see America as united, or that everyone in America is â€Å"one in the same. † I pledge Allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all. This is what our country and we as American’s are supposed to live our lives. Yet, in all of our readings I feel as if America is anything but indivisible. Privilege, opportunity, and life course, well these are all words I never thought I had in my life until I did the Walk of Privilege and read all the articles for class. I grew up in a middle class, white, Christian family, in an all white neighborhood, in the state of Maine, which was voted the most peaceful state to live in the past eleven years. I didn’t have a rough life, and I don’t have a sob story about how my parents were divorced and it was so hard growing up or anything. I learned I am so lucky, and that I should never take what I have for granted. Being 14 steps ahead of the We are a nation with 312,780,968 people. We all have different pasts, different futures, different religions, different races, and opportunities. The only common factor is that we are Americans. And yet we all take the Walk of Privilege everyday. It may not be that we take steps forward everyday or steps back. We may stand in place for a long time, but at least we are trying. Some of us end up way ahead of the starting line. This doesn’t mean we are better then those close to the line or far behind it. The people who are behind the starting line just had different battles then those more privileged. The fact that they are still fighting, and trying to find their happiness weather it be pursuing their education, or finding a better payed job, at least they are fighting.

A Brief History of Fuedal Japan essays

A Brief History of Fuedal Japan essays Japans influence on the west has been nothing short of miraculous, in less than a century and a half they have risen from a small isolated culture to one of the preeminent superpowers of the world. Although most people know a little about modern Japan most people do not know anything about the early history of the Japanese islands. For this essay I have chosen to focus on three major points of Japanese history, Origins to 710, Early Medieval History from 710-1600, and the Tokugawa Period from 1600-1868. Origins of the People and State to 710 The early history of the Japanese people is, in many ways, similar to the history of the Native Americans and the British, French, and Spanish immigrations. To understand where the people of Japan come from you first need to understand that there are two races of people living in Japan now, the Japanese people and the Ainu, who live chiefly in the northern part of the country areas like Hokkaido and northern Honshu. The Ainu are similar to Native Americans of the United States in so far as they are the indigenous people of the land. (Henshall, 7) About thirty to fifteen thousand years ago, during the last glacial age, groups of immigrants crossed over several land bridges connecting ancient Japan to the Asian mainland, they were called the Jomon. These people were the original inhabitants of Japan, they were hunter/gatherers and lived a semi-nomadic lifestyle, however they did not look like traditional Japanese people, they were short, muscular, and had wide, square faces. During the Jomon Period (13,000BC - 300BC) these people dominated the island, by 300 BC though most of them had settled in the northeastern most part of Japan, what would later become know as Hokkaido. By 300BC a new wave of immigration was bringing a new racial stock of people from the Asian mainland over to the island, these peoples were slightly taller than the nat...

ANalysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ANalysis paper - Essay Example Finally, I will evaluate the success of these arguments, with the goal of understanding the role of class in contemporary African American racial relations. I will conclude that while West’s notion of nihilism as an underlying cause is an appealing one, it is impossible to determine a causal relationship between the many different problems facing the lower class African American community. For West, nihilism is â€Å"the lived experience of coping with a life of horrifying meaninglessness, hopelessness, and (most important) lovelessness† (West 4). West emphasizes that nihilism is neither a problem lying in any social or political structure nor a behavioral flaw, but rather it is â€Å"a disease of the soul† (West 5). West’s approach, then, is different from that of the liberal structuralists and conservative behaviorists. The problem with both of these groups, according to West, is that each fails to notice and address what he takes to be the real problem: the nihilism with which poor, black communities seem to be stricken. Furthermore, both groups only address one part of the problem at a time while the truth is that â€Å"structures and behavior are inseparable, that institutions and values go hand in hand† (West 2). In other words, there is no way to find what is the cause and what is the effect between structure and behavior in the blac k communal problems. Instead, it is this nihilist point of view that underlies and unites both issues. But if the problem cannot be isolated as neatly as the liberals or conservatives suggest, what can be done differently? West proposes that the ‘cure’ for nihilism is â€Å"a love ethic† that might help the African American population to feel that they are important and valuable members of society (West 6). In order to effect this sort of change, West uses the suggestions of both the structuralists and the behaviorists to help fix both the structural problems at hand

Online Socializing Has Given Rise to Social Isolation Essay

Online Socializing Has Given Rise to Social Isolation - Essay Example   When there is too little interaction with people, man tends to get socially isolated and becomes depressed. This gives rise to anxiety and stress which is not manageable by the person himself. Hampton, Sessions and Her state: â€Å"Evidence from the US General Social Surveys (GSS) suggests that during the past 20 years, people have become increasingly socially isolated and their core discussion networks have become smaller and less diverse.† When a person spends hours and hours in front of the computer screen behind the objective of staying connected to the people online, he is unaware that he is getting disconnected from the world around him, and is getting oblivious of those living around him who need him and can make him happier than the online community. Social isolation creates adverse effects on the family relationships because online socializing works â€Å"by divorcing social relationships from physical reality and moving them beyond our local community† (Ro bins, qt. in Straubhaar, LaRose and Davenport 437). Hence, we can say that social isolation, anxiety, depression, and loneliness are linked with each other, and the root cause is the epidemic of online socializing. Literature supports that online networking gives rise to many problems.  Ã‚  

Investment in an Uncertain World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment in an Uncertain World - Essay Example 10,000,000 = 6,000,000 + 1,000,000 + G G = 10,000,000 – 6,000,000 – 1,000,000 = G = 3,000,000 G as a percentage of GDP = (G divided by Y) and multiplied by 100. =(3,000,000/10,000,000) *100 = = 30 per cent. (ii) Calculate households’ savings as a percentage of GDP. Explain your calculations. (6 marks) In this situation, Y = C + I + G (Savings = Investment = Gross Capital Formation) Therefore, Y = C + S + G. And S as the percentage of Y = (S/Y)* 100 = (1,000,000/10,000,000) *100 = = 0.10 * 100 = 10 per cent Therefore, households’ savings are 10 per cent of GDP. 1b. Now imagine an unexpected shock to the economy (not predicted by the majority of economists and other experts), which hits households’ confidence so that they increase their savings until these amount to 25 per cent of GDP. (i) Under Say’s Law, what is the mechanism by which firms’ investment is expected to change and what will its new value be? J. B. Say, a French classical economist, says supply creates its own demand until the equilibrium between the two is reached. By extension, Say’s law also applies to money market. When there is a glut of savings, there will be more supply of money than demand. As a result, interest rate for borrowing will come down and investment will increase. In this given case, since the savings have increased to 25 percent of GDP, investment should also increase by the same ratio of GDP. Thus, market finds the equilibrium between demand and supply for money through variations in interest rate. (ii) According to the demand-side approach, explain why firms might not necessarily adjust their investment plans. The demand-side approach argues that investors do not automatically make their investment because demand has increased. To invest, they have to be confident about the future – for the demand to sustain. Investments are often long term about which we know very little. Keynes says, ‘If we speak frankly, w e have to admit that our basis of knowledge for estimating the yield 10 year hence of a railway, a copper mine, a textile factory, the goodwill of a patent medicine, an Atlantic liner, a building in the City of London amounts to little and sometimes nothing’ (Keynes, quoted in Walsh, 2008, p. 63). In such a situation of uncertainty, the animal spirit of investors drives investors to invest. Investors wait for that spirit, which gives them confidence, to develop before they invest. This explains the fluctuation in investments and departure from the supply-demand equilibrium. For instance, in the 1999 recession, ‘the reduction in output of 1.4 per cent coincided with an 8.1 percent fall in investment’ (Trigg, 2010, p. 230). In conclusion, investors do not make adjustments in their investment plan until they are confident about making money. (iii) If firms did not change their investment plans, explain what would be the consequences for national income and how fisca l policy might be used to address this situation. (11 marks) Investment has a direct impact on national income, and fiscal policy often encourages firms to invest in order to restore the gap between savings and investment. Government expenditure is one of the key components of national income. When government increases its expenditure, national income rises; when it decreases its spending, national income also declines. Government thus can influence national income. Classical economics believes that savings and

Topshops Commitment to the Environment

Topshops Commitment to the Environment Topshop is a British clothes retailer with stores in over 20 countries and online operations in some of its markets. Topshops sales primarily come from womens clothing and fashion accessories. It is part of the Arcadia Group, which owns a number of other retail outlets including Burton, Dorothy Perkins and Miss Selfridge. The chain was founded in 1964 as Peter Robinsons Top Shop, a young fashion brand within the Sheffield branch of the Peter Robinson Ltd ladies fashion store chain (former department store chain). The first standalone Topshop store was opened in 1974. In 1978, Topman was created as a spin-off brand to cater for male customer and is now run as a separate chain, although some stores are co-located. The Gap, Inc. is an American clothing and accessories retailer based in San Francisco, California. A specialty retailer offering clothing, accessories and personal care products for men, women, children and babies. With more than 134,000 employees and about 3,100 company-owne d stores and 175 franchise stores, our presence is felt around the world The company has five primary brands: the namesake Gap banner, Banana Republic, Old Navy, and Athleta. As of September 20010, Gap, Inc. has approximately 135,000 employees and operates 3,076 stores worldwide. Gap Inc., seek to make lasting, positive impressions on the people and communities where the company operate Next. is a British retailer marketing clothing, footwear, accessories and home products. The company has over 550 stores throughout the UK and the Republic of Ireland, and 50 franchise branches in Europe, Asia and the Middle East. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. Next has three main outlets: Next Retail, a chain of 500+ retail stores in the United Kingdom and Eire; Next Directory, a home shopping catalogue and Website with more than 2 million active customers, and Next International, with 180+ international stores. Zara is a Spanish clothing and accessories retailer based in Galicia. It is the flagship chain store of the Inditex group; the fashion group also owns brands such as Massimo Dutti, Pull and Bear, Stradivarius and Bershka. It is claimed that Zara needs just two weeks to develop a new product and get it to stores, compared with a six-month industry average, and launches around 10,000 new designs each year. Zara was described by Louis Vuitton fashion director Daniel Piette as possibly the most innovative and de vastating retailer in the world. Zara has also been described as a Spanish success story by CNN. As of 2011 Zara stores have mens clothing and womens clothing, each of these subdivided in Lower Garment, Upper Garment, Shoes, Cosmetics and Complements, as well as childrens clothing (Zara Kids). The Environmental Protection Act 1990 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that as of 2008[update] defines, within England and Wales and Scotland, the fundamental structure and authority for waste management and control of emissions into the environment. Duty of Care Every store has to waste properly and prevent it from harming the environment and also ensure that all waste collected from the stores is transferred to an authorised person such as the local council or a waste contractor. Packaging waste regulations These apply to larger stores and require them to recover and recycle a certain percentage of their packaging waste. The regulations currently apply to companies with an annual turnover of over 2 million and which handle more than 50 tonnes/year of obligated packaging. Landfill tax The Government imposes a tax on all waste sent to landfill. This tax is designed to penalise the excessive use of landfills and to encourage businesses to reduce and recycle waste. This is one of the reasons why the cost of trade waste collections has gone up and will continue to increase. Topshop COMMITMENT TO THE ENVIRONMENT: Reducing impact on the environment and Endeavour to limit consumption of valuable resources. constantly developing ways to increase efficiency and reduce energy consumption in companys operations. Reducing packaging Gap,inc. COMMITMENT TO THE ENVIRONMENT: the product groups who seek sustainable design solutions. store managers who conserve energy and reduce waste. the denim laundries that meet high wastewater standards. Next. COMMITMENT TO THE ENVIRONMENT: improve energy efficiency and reduce energy use. minimise waste produced and increase the quantity recycled. increase the efficiency of our delivery fleet. Zara COMMITMENT TO THE ENVIRONMENT: to develop in-store sustainability and energy efficiency standards. to install sources of renewable energy, such as wind energy, solar photo-thermal and photovoltaic solar energy, at the companys distribution hubs and reduce energy use to a minimum. to create, in as-yet-to-be-determined locations, the forest biomass needed to absorb 100% of the greenhouse gas emissions generated by the use of electricity at Zara headquarters. Inditex has just opened its 5000th Inditex store as the flagship of its 2011-2015 Sustainable Inditex Plan. Inditex new global benchmark in eco- efficiency is housed in the Palazzo Bocconi (Rome), a building whose history dates back more than 120 years. Just some figures: this is a store which consumes 30% less energy with regard to the annual average consumption of a conventional store, saves 50% of water consumption and avoids the emission of over 150 toms of CO2 per year. The Inditexs Strategic Environmental Plan 2007-2010 achieved various certifications in 3 of its stores including a first of its kind in Europe with Zara Barcelona being awarded LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification. This new concept of boutique hides behind a faà §ade that makes use of three key elements: shop windows and geometric composition with big metal and glass squares, and a large-format logo. The new-look shop interior comprises an extensive range of grey tones which contrast with its black furnishings. The sales area is spread over five stores. Highlights of features contributing to the stores eco-efficiency include automatic monitoring of the stores indoor air quality (CO2 levels, humidity, light intensity, noise), to ensure the comfort of employees and shoppers; motion detectors to turn lights on and off in low-traffic areas and a an air curtain system at entrance doors, equipped with special sensors that continuously monitor outside temperatures to prevent abrupt indoor air temperature changes, thereby reducing the need to run heating/cooling systems. Besides and in order to lessen the nocturnal light pollution which plagues cities, the establishments lights are programmed to dim by more than 50% when the shop is closed Companies of the dimensions of HM can have a big impact on the environment, its a responsibility of HM to reduce his impact. By our research the company has to minimize his impact at every stage of the products life cycle from how cotton is grown to the way the customer use the garments. The first major advantage of working with secondary data is economy: because someone else has already collected the data, the researcher does not have to devote resources to this phase of research. There is also a savings of time. Because the data are already collected, and frequently also cleaned and stored in electronic format, we can spend the our time analyzing the data. The second major advantage of using secondary data is the breadth of data available. Few individual researchers would have the resources to collect data from a representative sample of adults in every state in the United States, let alone repeat this data collection process every year, but the federal government conducts numerous surveys on that scale. Data collected on a national basis are particularly important in environmental issues. The third advantage in using secondary data is that often the data collection process is informed by expertise and professionalism that may not available to smaller research projects. For instance, many of the Government environmental surveys discussed in this research use a complex sample design and system of weighting that allows the researcher to compute population based estimates of health conditions and behaviors. One major disadvantage to using secondary data is inherent in its nature: because the data were not collected to answer your specific research questions, particular information that you would like to have may not have been collected, or it may not have been collected in the geographic region you want to study. In any case, you can only work with the data that exist, not what you wish had been collected. A second major disadvantage of using secondary data is t hat because the analyst did not participate in the planning and execution of the data collection process, he or she does not know exactly how it was done. More to the point, the analyst does not know how well it was done and therefore how seriously the data are affected by problems such as low response rate or respondent misunderstanding of specific survey questions. Sometimes it is readily available; for instance, many of the government data sets have extensive documentation of their data collection procedures, refusal rates, and other technical information available on their websites or in published reports. SECONDARY DATA Secondary Data is existing information that has been gathered for some purpose outside the planning process. Obtaining Secondary Data in practice normally means desk or library research. Information can be obtained from the data that is routinely collected by the planning organisation or from external sources. External data are gathered by other organisations either for their own use or for commercial use. General sources of external data are, for instance, various computerised databases, associations, other government agencies and different published sources such as libraries and newspapers. A computerised database can provide information on a wide range of topics, and lists of commercial databases are normally available in public libraries. Librarians can also be invaluable in the search for specific information for planning. Among the potentially useful data provided by government agencies are demographic data, employment data and special reports on industries. Other examples of s econdary data are historical information and census data. Associations may have valuable information about conservation or social aspects. To estimate the relevance of information for the planning process it is essential to know how and why the information was produced. Burns and Bush (2000) claim that a researcher should examine five factors when evaluating a piece of secondary data. These are: The reason the study was undertaken. Sometimes a piece of research is not independent in nature but has been carried out to support a specific point of view. Obviously, an organization should try to avoid taking decisions based on information that has been produced as a result of a biased piece of research. The credibility of the organization or individuals who undertook the research. What specific information was collected and what method the researcher employed to measure or evaluate the data. How the data was collected. There are many different methods for collecting data, which will be discussed later in this chapter. Each method may have an affect on the quality of the findings of a piece of research. The consistency of the findings of a piece of research with other studies. If several studies report similar results, that may provide support for the reliability of any findings. If a report contradicts a number of other studies it may be an indication that the research is not reliable. However, in both cases the researcher has to evaluate a specific piece of research across all criteria and not merely agree with or discount a reports findings on the basis that it does not agree with the majority of the results from other secondary research sources. Secondary data can be obtained from a number of sources BENEFITS OF SECONDARY DATA The major advantages of using secondary data are: Cost. It is much less expensive to obtain information from existing sources than to develop entirely new data. These existing sources may require a nominal charge for the information, but it will be much less than the cost of undertaking primary data collection. Timeliness. Secondary data are available almost instantaneously. A manager can have access to data very quickly and therefore does not have to wait weeks or perhaps months for primary data to be collected, analyzed, and summarized. By using secondary data whenever possible, a manager avoids the frustration of developing the research methodology design, designing the data collection instrument, pretesting the instrument, devising a sampling plan, gathering the data, checking all data for accuracy and omissions, analyzing the data, and summarizing and reporting the results. Instead, a manager can merely locate the appropriate source and access the information desired. This process can be completed in a few hours or days, whereas primary data collection can take weeks or months to complete. LIMITATIONS OF SECONDARY DATA However, secondary data collection does have the following disadvantages. Limited applicability. A manager has no assurance that information gathered by others will be applicable to a particular hospitality operation. For example, information obtained in New York about the popularity of a specific menu item is not necessarily useful to a manager operating in another part of the country. Information that pertains to one operation may apply only to that operation and be of limited value to anyone else. Information may be outdated. Managers need current and accurate information on which to base decisions. All too often, secondary data are not as useful as they might be merely because they are not current. For example, the results of a consumer attitude survey conducted by a restaurant four years ago would be of limited value to a manager making plans today. During the four years, a number of changes in consumer attitudes are likely to have taken place. These changes in attitudes will make the original data outdated and useful only in a historical sense. If a hospitality manager makes use of less-than-timely data, the results are likely to be less than satisfactory. Reliability. Whenever a hospitality operator uses secondary data as the basis for a decision, the manager runs the risk that the information may not be reliable and accurate. A manager would do well to determine who collected the data and what method of data collection was used. Information is only as good as the individuals who collect it and the methods they use. If a study is administered in a haphazard manner, the results and conclusions should be viewed with caution. SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA There are two main types of secondary data that can be used by managers within a firm (see Figure 6.2). Internal data exist within the firm and can be obtained with minimal time and effort. Advances in computer technology have made it easier to obtain this information and provide it to managers in a form that is useful. External data are not readily available within the firm. Managers must obtain this data by spending more time and/or money contacting outside sources. The Internet has made this a much easier task, but there is still a fair amount of effort involved. The various sources of internal and external data are discussed below. INTERNAL DATA. The component of a marketing information system that is the simplest to design and implement is an internal system, or the component designed to collect data from within the organizational environment. When considering the organizational environment, management needs to be concerned only with information available from within the physical confines of the organizations units, whether they are hotels or restaurants. This component of a marketing information system requires less time and money than does the competitive environment or externally generated marketing information. The internal component of a marketing information system is very valuable to management because it provides a wealth of information. Management has three main sources of internal marketing information: guest histories and sales data, employees and management staff, and customer feedback. Employees and management staff. All too often, hospitality management ignores the wealth of information that is informally gathered by hourly employees such as front desk personnel, telephone operators, restaurant service people, and hosts and hostesses. These individuals are in constant contact with guests, yet they are rarely asked to relay customer comments and reactions to operational changes, such as new menu items or guest room dà ©cor changes. These employees represent an excellent source of information, although the information they provide may not be totally objective. It is a good idea for management to meet with employees on a regular basis to discuss problems and opportunities. Employees crave recognition from their supervisors; this recognition increases the employees satisfaction and commitment to the organization. All employees need to be exposed to some motivational techniques, although managers often ignore the simple and basic needs of employees as individuals. Customer feedback. The focus of the marketing concept is the hospitality operations clientele. All aspects of the entire operation should be aimed at satisfying these individuals. The purpose of using an internal marketing information system is to solicit opinions and comments from the current clientele. This can be done in a number of ways, such as having the manager talk with a few of the customers or having service personnel check with the customers. One method used frequently is the comment card. These cards are placed in guest rooms or are provided to the guest upon checkout or when they have finished a meal in a restaurant. The purpose is to solicit their opinions and comments concerning the operations quality. All three internal sources of marketing information are very valuable. Together they can provide a great deal of useful information with which to make decisions. Historically, hospitality managers have failed to use these sources to maximal advantage, but the current competitive situation in the hospitality industry dictates that all sources of information be used to gain a competitive advantage and to earn maximal financial rewards EXTERNAL DATA. Although externally generated marketing information is extremely valuable, it is normally not collected on a daily basis, as is the case with internally generated marketing information. This is due to a much larger investment of time, money, and other scarce resources required for externally generated information. Management should consider using a wide variety of sources of external marketing information. Literally thousands of sources are available, and these sources are limited only by managements own efforts to locate them. A few typical sources of external marketing information are: Trade associations. Many industries form trade groups that provide data for their members. These trade associations collect information from their members and then provide industry averages that can be used to measure a firms relative performance. Some of the popular trade associations for the hospitality industry are the National Restaurant Association, the American Hotel Lodging Association, and the Hospitality Sales and Marketing Association International. Two of the more popular tourism associations are the World Tourism Organization (WTO) and the Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA). However, most of the data for the tourism industry are collected by government travel bureaus. Travel bureaus. Cities, states, and countries usually form organizations that are responsible for promoting travel to the area. Most cities have a chamber of commerce that is responsible for promoting business in the city and, in some cases, tourism as well. Larger cities and regions form convention and visitors bureaus for the sole purpose of promoting business and leisure travel to the region. A chamber of commerce has member firms from all types of industries, whereas convention and visitors bureaus tend to have member firms from travel-related industries such as lodging, restaurants, and tourist attractions. Finally, most states and countries have government travel and tourism bureaus that are responsible for promoting travel to that state or country. Trade journals and periodicals. Many industry, or trade, journals are available to firms. Trade associations often publish their own journals, but many other organizations publish periodicals covering certain industries. Some of the more popular hospitality publications are Restaurants Institutions, Restaurant Hospitality, Nations Restaurant News, Restaurant Business, Lodging Hospitality, Lodging Magazine, and Hotel Motel Management. The articles in these publications provide information on new products and advertising campaigns, as well as current trends in the industry. These articles also provide a valuable resource for case studies involving successes and failures of industry firms. Other Periodicals. In addition to trade journals that specialize in a certain industry, other publications cover business in a variety of industries. Some of the more popular business publications that cover the hospitality and tourism industries are Business Week, Wall Street Journal, Fortune, Barrons, and Forbes. Internet. The growth in both the quantity and quality of information available on the Internet is well documented. Using one or more of the available Internet search engines will uncover information, some of which will be highly valuable for managers. A key consideration for managers is being able to determine the accuracy and usefulness of information gathered from the Internet. University sources. Universities and colleges have well-stocked libraries that can be a valuable resource for firms in the area. These institutions often have access to many of the other sources of external data. In addition, universities and colleges form centers to research specific areas such as hospitality. This information is often free to the public or available for a reasonable fee. Government sources. Local, state, and federal governments maintain detailed data on all aspects of the economy; the data are free or available for a nominal fee. The United States Census gathers detailed information about the population and retail business, and the Statistical Abstract of the United States contains similar information in abbreviated form. Census and statistical documents are now available in electronic form, enabling quicker searches and data retrieval. The federal government also collects information about foreign countries and provides specialists to answer specific questions and address inquiries. Syndicated services. Firms such as Harris and Gallup polls, Target Group Index, Nielsen, and W. R. Simmons specialize in collecting and distributing marketing information for a fee. These syndicated services provide information about consumer profiles and shopping behaviors, consumer responses to sales promotions and advertising, and consumer attitudes and preferences. This information is useful in focusing on market segments using aggregate data. These services often advertise in trade publications and marketing periodicals. Guides, indexes, and directories. Other valuable sources of external information include guides, indexes, and directories that are available at most university libraries and larger public libraries. Guides such as the Business Periodicals Index provide references by subject matter for articles

Satellites :: essays research papers

Satellites orbit the earth doing our bidding in ways that enrich the lives of almost all of us. Through electronic eyes from hundreds of miles overhead, they lead prospectors to mineral deposits invisble on earth's surface. Relaying communications at the speed of light, they shrink the planet until its most distant people are only a split second apart. They beam world weather to our living room TV and guide ships through storms. Swooping low over areas of possible hostility, spies in the sky maintain a surveillance that helps keep peace in a volatile world. How many objects, exaclty, are orbiting out there? Today's count is 4,914. The satellites begin with a launch, which in the U.S. takes place at Cape Canaveral in Florida, NASA's Wallops Flight Center in Virginia, or, for polar orbiters, Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. One satellite in 20 is crippled by the jolt of lift-off, or dies in the inferno of a defective rocket blast, or is thrust into improper orbit. A few simply vanish into the immensity of space. When a satellite emerges from the rocket's protective shroud, radiotelemety regularly reports on its health to round-the-clock crews of ground controllers. They watch over the temperatures and voltages of the craft's electronic nervous system and other vital "organs", always critical with machines whose sunward side may be 300 degress hotter than the shaded part. Once a satellite achieves orbit--that delicate condition in which the pull of earth's gravity is matched by the outward fling of the Page 2 ------ crafts speed--subtle pressures make it go astray. Solar flares make the satellite go out of orbit. Wisps of outer atmosphere drag its speed. Like strands of spiderweb, gravity feilds of the earth, moon, and sun tug at the orbiting spacefarer. Even the sunshine's soft caress exerts a gentle nudge. Should a satellite begin to wander, ground crews fire small fuel jets that steer it back on course. This is done sparingly, for exhaustion of these gases ends a craft's useful career. Under such stresses, many satellites last 2 years. When death is only a second away, controllers may command the craft to jump into a high orbit, so it will move up away from earth, keeping orbital paths from becoming too cluttered. Others become ensnarled in the

Analyzing Timo

In the poor urban area of Richmond, California, the only thing more common than the violence is that deliquesce within the high school system – especially on the Richmond basketball team. With inflated rates of murder, violence and local crime students have affiliated themselves with negative forces that will have detrimental results. Many youth end dropping out of school and of that, majority will wind up in prison. However, Ken Carter makes it his objective to be the catalyst for a massive social shift. Taking the position of the Richmond basketball team coach, Coach Carter plans on inspiring the youth to continue their education and create safe, happy and successful lives for themselves. But, this of course is easier said than done. Many have tried to halt Carter’s process for social change and Timo Cruz, A player on the Richmond basketball team was the first. Cruz was the initial impediment against Coach Carter’s attempt shift the dynamic of the Richmond basketball team. When the team was first introduced to Carter and the new regulations he brought Cruz revolted against Carter’s authority. Doing this by roaring vulgar threats towards Carter and claimed he wasn’t aware of the struggles that accompanied living in Richmond. Cruz’s actions can be justified based on his living conditions. Residing in a low-income, hostile, violent neighborhood, Cruz has not been socialized to deal with issues with sophistication and maturity. Rather, in Cruz living conditions, it is far more beneficial to create a guise of strength and solve issues through force. Carter did not tolerate this hindrance to his objective nor was he fazed by Cruz’s foul behavior. This resulted in Cruz leaving the team and deserts his team members. At this point, Cruz has become alienated. Which has resulted in his drug affiliation with his emotionally absent uncle, Renny. No longer sharing the commonalty of playing on the basketball team Cruz feels a sense of division from their players – especially when they win. As an academic delinquent who had was only familiar with failure Cruz greatly desires to taste success and return to the team. However, Carter’s rules were firm and he wouldn’t allow any lack of consistency in his team. He assigned Cruz with the nearly impossible task of completing 10,000 pushups and suicides. When Cruz inevitable fails this task and his dreams of rejoining the team are crushed, the team members he had deserted early now help him complete the task based on the virtue of teamwork Carter invested in them. Cruz dependency on the basketball team can be seen in the most extreme case in the string of events that followed the shooting of his uncle, Renny. Cruz finds himself blood splattered at Coach Carter’s house, pleading for a spot of the Richmond basketball team. This is because through the basketball team, Carter had created a safe haven, shielding the members from the horror of their violet urban community. For Cruz, the being a member of the team was for more than playing the game, it was being accepted into a safe family. Now accepted, polarizing where Cruz was at the beginning of the movie, he is now a condition to Carter’s movement. It is also thanks to Carter’s social change that Cruz is now excelling in many aspects of his life where he had previously given up on. Member to an undefeated team, thriving academically, the prospect of attending college is now conceivable. Now, more than ever, Cruz has felt a sense of belonging and true friendship with his fellow players. From a sociological standpoint, Cruz can be defined as the extremist in the movie. His character is used to display the extremities in emotions and changes that occur within the story. In the beginning, Cruz passionately revolts against Carter’s administrative roles and represents an extreme social impediment that Carter must hurdle over. Then, ostracized for his actions, Cruz desires to feel acceptance and success of the Richmond basketball team. This desire only increases when his Uncle had been shot in front of him. At this point Cruz is contrasting his beliefs and is a strong condition to change. Timo Cruz was a youth in revolt, possessing a strong hatred towards Coach Carter and the change he was bringing to Richmond. However, over the duration of the film Cruz recognizes that the social alterations Carter has brought have only enforced positive virtues of; respect, teamwork and effect upon the basketball team. Ultimately, Cruz is the unsung role model of Coach Carter, if he has the capacity to change – anyone can.

Savage Inequalities Essay Example

Savage Inequalities Essay Example Savage Inequalities Essay Savage Inequalities Essay Savage Inequalities How is it possible for one of the wealthiest countries in the world to have such poverty stricken areas with the living conditions of a third-world country? After reading the words of Savage Inequalities by Jonathan Kola, I was given countless explanations on how deprivation of funds, opportunity and education affect a community in a negative light. The author ventured into the city of East SST. Louis, examined the environment and gave readers a first-hand observation of the people who live there. As a reader, one will get an in depth illustration on how negligent politics affect the overall condition of a city that was initially one of the most economically sound cities in America. Many years ago, E. SST. Louis was an industrialized city of great opportunity Now lays the abandoned structures that once gave the city financial stability. Kola informed the audience of how E. SST. Louis inhabitants have to succumb to the endless problems that come with living in one of the poorest cities in America, and how it affects their everyday lives. Although corrupt ileitis affect the economy and education systems of this city, adequate leadership would be of great Justice to the rehabilitation of E. SST. Louis. For many years, the corrupt politics in E. SST. Louis has heavily affected its physical appearance. From streets in need of major repair to a sewage system that is backed- up throughout the city, there seems to never be enough money to fix the infinite list of problems. After being $40 million in debt, former Governor James Thompson proposed an emergency state loan to keep city staff in the workplace. In order for the loan to go in affect, Governor Thompson requested that the current mayor resign from office. The lack of good leadership affects many of the critical responsibilities that need taken care of within the city. For some reason the funds that are designated to help maintain E. SST. Louis, somehow fall into the pockets of city officials. This is why I think that adequate leadership would serve as a solution to fix the overall problem within the city. The second leading cause for hardships and poverty in E. SST. Louis is the failing economic structure that is one of the many factors affected due to the political system. Labeled as the most distressed city in America, nearly one third of E. SST. Louis population lives on an average income of $7,500 a year. Drastic lay-offs due to financial shortages left over a thousand city workers unemployed. Consequently, due to the lay-offs many tasks in the city were left undone because of the shortages in city workers. Although E. SST. Louis appears to be a city with no opportunity for employment this has not always been the case. For many years E. SST. Louis was a very industrialized city with many opportunities for black families migrating from the southern states. Now that industrialized times have passed, and most of the plants simply disappeared, the open Jobs that once held up the economy went along with them. Education is one of the most neglected factors that affect the productivity and chances for E. SST. Louis citizens to have an equal chance of living The American but also one of the most inadequate. Some of the E. SST. Louis school districts flaws that Kola touched on included the inadequate plumbing system, out of date books, ND the under-representation of staff and administration. In other words, there is a deficit among the number of resources that is given to the school district and the physical appearance of the schools that inhabit this particular school district. Other issues were oriented toward the districts extra-curricular activities, such as worn-out football Jerseys or poor equipment. Because school is a childs training ground for life, attaining an education in E. SST. Louis school district could predict an either or future for a student. Either a student will allow a presumably unsatisfactory school district fail them, or they will rise above the inadequacies and strive for something more. Although many underlying factors affect the citizens of East SST. Louis, based off Kohls information, I think that it is the political, economic and education systems that affect them the most. Furthermore, I think that the political system is the starting domino that perpetuates problems unto the citys economic and education systems. Because the citys political power is corrupted and ran by individuals with ulterior datives, the economy is directly affected by debt. I imagine that the debt that the city collects affect the education system because of the inability to keep up with current books or refurbish the schools infrastructure. With that being said the lack in leadership plays a major part in managing the funds that should be transferred to its respective places, which obviously is not being done. From reading Kohls work the city of E. SST. Louis is in desperate need of strong leadership to dig its community out of a hole that has lasted for over 50 years.

Letter to the President †Letter about the Education System

Letter to the President – Letter about the Education System Free Online Research Papers Dear President Obama: I am writing to ask you to inform you of some issues in our education system. This is vital for the future of our children; I think we need to address these issues now. First of all I think you really need to sit down and take a look at our education system. There are a lot of problems to many for me to even talk about today, but you need to re-evaluate the way our whole educational system is implemented. The first thing I would like to bring to your attention is being that we need to make sure every school is taught the same way. The second thing that needs to be discussed is that the how much funding a school gets is based on test scores and how well the school scores. Schools are focused on getting better test scores than actually teaching. For starters why should some children be taught one way at one school and then in the next town over the kids are learning in a totally different way. For example in my readings I came across a very good writing about the social classes of schools he writes about four different social classes in the education system. The working class school (most of the families are below federal poverty lines) â€Å"work is following the steps of a procedure. The procedure is usually mechanical, involving rote behavior and very little decision making or choice†. (pg 177) Another thing he mentioned about the lower class school is how they did a science experiment in the class performed, by the teacher then the answer was wrote on the board for the class to copy. Giving the students no chance to come to their own conclusions on what the results of the experiment were. The second class is the middle class (is made up of blue collar workers and higher paid workers). â€Å"The middle-class s chool, work is getting the answer right. If one accumulates enough right answers, one gets a good grade. One must follow directions to get the right answer. (pg 180) In this class the children are basically taught to follow orders because they are thought to grow up and work in a blue collar job and having to follow bosses orders. The third affluent professional school (parents who have a higher income and are mostly professional) â€Å"In the affluent professional school, work is creative activity carried out independently. The students are continually asked to express and apply ideas and concepts. Work involves individual thought and expressiveness, expansion and illustration of ideas and choice of appropriate method and material†. (pg182) This is the best out of all the classes the children learn in an enriching environment and have choices they also get involved in their education. The fourth class is the executive elite school (fathers are executives in major corporation s) â€Å"In the executive elite school, work is developing one’s analytical intellectual powers. Children are continually asked to reason through a problem, to produce intellectual products that are both logically sound and of top academic quality†. (pg185) Looking at this you can see how differently our children are being taught based on were there go to school. This needs to change and I think you are the perfect president to do something about it. President Bush did take one step in the right direction with the no kid left behind act but that barely touched the surface of the problems that we have. The second problem that I think you need to take a look at is the money issues with education. School has become all about test scores, no more about teaching skills required. The main focus in schools now is to make sure all students pass tests such as the SAT. Bushs No Child Left Behind Act doesnt make much of a difference either, students learn how to take a test, not necessarily anything else other than techniques needed to correctly answer questions. You can have a student study every little detail for the SAT. But it doesnt mean anything when you put them in the real world. Students arent evaluating and criticizing what they learn anymore. money is the cause of this problem. Money is the primary cause schools are about testing rather than about learning. More specifically, it is how the government distributes money to the districts that causes this problem. The government distributes money to schools in the district according to their respective students grades on tests. Bette r scores on tests is more money for the district. No it has come to the point where school isnt about learning anymore. Its all about memorization of information and getting good test scores. School didnt intend to be a foundation of testing rather than teaching relevant issues for peoples lives.We need to make them conscious of this, we are being tested for the wrong reason. The test is just telling the teachers what they want to hear. Money has always been one of the biggest issues with the education system but now it has become a fight for who gets more money based on. How are your children supposed to get the best education if they are learning from old texted books? How come we have money for guns and supplies for the war in Iraq but we can’t give our schools money for highly qualified teachers or for new books and supplies. If we don’t care enough to give the children supplies and books why should they care and go to school. Teachers don’t care about teaching because there are not receiving high enough salaries, and also aren’t being given the supplies necessary to deliver a quality education to the students. Also I think we need to have more governmental regulations on were and how the schools spend the money there are given. Well thank you for listening to what I have to say about how to reform our education system in America. I have pointed out that all the children need to be taught in the same manner no matter where they go to school. I also briefly discussed are money problems in the educational system. I hope now that you are aware of the issues at hand you can make a change for the better. Thank you for your support. 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